{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:35:44Z","timestamp":1777448144453,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opioids remain the mainstay treatment of acute pain caused by trauma. The lack of evidence driven prescribing creates a challenging situation for providers. We hypothesized that the implementation of a trauma discharge opioid bundle (TDOB) would decrease the total morphine milligram equivalents (MME) prescribed at discharge while maintaining pain control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a pre-post study of adult trauma patients before and after implementation of a TDOB to guide the prescription of opioids and discharge prescription education in patients discharged from a level one trauma center. The pre-group and post-group, included consecutively discharged patients from September through November in 2018 and 2019. The primary outcome was the total MME prescribed at discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 377 patients met inclusion criteria. One hundred and fifty-one patients were included in the pre-group and 226 in the post-group. The total MME prescribed at discharge (225 \u00b1 [150-300] pre vs 200 \u00b1 [100-225] post, P = &lt; .001) and maximum MME\/day (45 \u00b1 [30-45] vs 30 \u00b1 [20-45], P = .004) were significantly less in the post-group. Incidence of outpatient refills within fourteen days were similar. More non-opioid pain adjuncts were prescribed post-intervention and discharge pain education was provided more frequently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The implementation of a TDOB significantly reduced the MME prescribed at discharge without increasing the number of opioid refills.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348221101483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T15:00:01Z","timestamp":1653663601000},"page":"4281-4287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Implementing a Discharge Opioid Bundle in Adult Trauma Patients Decreases the Amount of Opioids Prescribed at Discharge"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Mackenzie N.","family":"Krebsbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USA Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery & Burns, Mobile, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin M.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Department of Adult Health Nursing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Doll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USA Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery & Burns, Mobile, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yann-Leei","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USA Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery & Burns, Mobile, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon D.","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USA Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery & Burns, Mobile, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00031348221101483","volume-title":"FastStats - Accidents or Unintentional Injuries","author":"Center for Disease Control","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr2-00031348221101483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2018.09.010"},{"key":"bibr3-00031348221101483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.1685"},{"key":"bibr4-00031348221101483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jtn.0000000000000435"},{"key":"bibr5-00031348221101483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/bot.0000000000001430"},{"key":"bibr6-00031348221101483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14230"},{"key":"bibr7-00031348221101483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.2730"},{"key":"bibr8-00031348221101483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.11.023"},{"key":"bibr9-00031348221101483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.02.001"},{"key":"bibr10-00031348221101483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2017.01.016"},{"key":"bibr11-00031348221101483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.1277"},{"key":"bibr12-00031348221101483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx009"},{"key":"bibr13-00031348221101483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2018.1449171"},{"key":"bibr14-00031348221101483","unstructured":"American College of Surgeons. (2018). Safe pain control: Opioid abuse and surgery. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.facs.org\/safepaincontrol. 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