{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:36:58Z","timestamp":1777448218850,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653177600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Postoperative Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has associated morbidity, but it is unknown how it impacts different operations. We sought to determine the incidence and postoperative morbidity following abdominal surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Method: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2015-2019) was utilized to evaluate adult (\u226518 years-old) patients who developed CDI following laparoscopic abdominal operations. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to evaluate outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: A total of 973\u00a0338 patients were studied and the overall incidence of CDI was .3% within 30 days of operation. Colorectal surgery had the highest incidence of CDI (1601\/167\u00a0949,1.0%) with significantly longer mean length of stay (LOS) (8.0 days\u00b1 9.0, P &lt; .01) compared to other surgical procedures. CDI patients also had a longer mean length of stay (6.6\u00b1 8.0 vs 2.1 \u00b1 3.6 days, P &lt; .01) and increased mortality (1.8% vs .2%, AOR: 4.64, CI: 3.45-5.67, P &lt; .01) compared to patients without CDI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: This national analysis demonstrates that CDI is a significant complication following abdominal surgery and is associated with increased LOS and mortality. Furthermore, laparoscopic colorectal surgery appears to have the greatest risk of CDI. Future research is needed to determine the exact cause in order to decrease the incidence of CDI by reconsidering the protocol of antibiotic use within the high-risk population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348221103644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T09:01:01Z","timestamp":1653210061000},"page":"2519-2524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Surgical Outcome in Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgical Operations with\n                    <i>Clostridium Difficile<\/i>\n                    Infection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Reza","family":"Fazl Alizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiri","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1859-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan","family":"Manasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perisa","family":"Ruhi-Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffery","family":"Nahmias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Carmichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ninh T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Stamos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306801"},{"key":"bibr2-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801550"},{"key":"bibr3-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.17597"},{"key":"bibr4-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-013-0498-8"},{"key":"bibr5-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1505190"},{"key":"bibr6-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2006.062"},{"key":"bibr7-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2018.12.045"},{"key":"bibr8-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04661.x"},{"key":"bibr9-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2013.05.028"},{"key":"bibr10-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2014.8"},{"key":"bibr11-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03571.x"},{"key":"bibr12-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2018.110"},{"key":"bibr13-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-019-03785-9"},{"key":"bibr14-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-019-0228-3"},{"key":"bibr15-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55100683"},{"key":"bibr16-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40182-9"},{"key":"bibr17-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22302-0"},{"key":"bibr18-00031348221103644","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.4263"}],"container-title":["The 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