{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:38:05Z","timestamp":1777448285945,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) pose significant mortality and economic burden on the United States. Biomechanics research may guide future vehicle innovation. The objective of this study is to investigate the biomechanics of two-vehicle MVCs involving passenger vehicle (PV) to evaluate associated injury patterns and outcomes including mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study of cases from the Crash Injury Research Engineering Network database was performed to evaluate the biomechanics (angle of impact, seatbelt use, and airbag deployment) of two-vehicle MVCs involving at least one PV from 2005-2015.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 629 MVCs evaluated, lateral collisions were most common (49.5%), followed by head-on (41.3%) and rear-end (9.2%) collisions. Thoracic injuries accounted for 30.1%, 31.4%, and 31.1% of injuries in lateral, head-on, and rear-end collisions, respectively, and were the most common body region injured for all collision types. Seatbelt use was associated with shorter ICU stay (10.9 vs 19.1\u00a0days, P = .036) and mortality (Cramer\u2019s V = .224, P &lt; .001), but a greater average number of injuries (10.2 injuries vs 8.6 injuries, P = .011).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Passenger vehicle are commonly involved in MVCs nationwide and efforts are needed to prevent occupant injuries and fatalities. The incorporation of energy-absorbing material into common points of contact within the vehicle interior may decrease the severity of these injuries. Seatbelt use remains a protective factor against MVC-fatalities but is associated with collateral injuries and should be a focus of further innovation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348221111511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T04:38:31Z","timestamp":1656391111000},"page":"4360-4366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nationwide Analysis of Biomechanics of Motor Vehicle Collisions Involving Passenger Vehicle and Associated Outcomes: Towards Improving Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Concepcion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Mesa, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Newsome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Alfaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Mesa, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sruthi","family":"Selvakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Kiran, C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, NSU NOVA Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brendon","family":"Sen-Crowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Kiran, C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, NSU NOVA Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Vallejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Mesa, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Yeager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Kornblith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Bilski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Elkbuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00031348221111511","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Association. The economic and societal impact of motor vehicle crashes, 2010. https:\/\/crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov\/Api\/Public\/ViewPublication\/812013"},{"key":"bibr2-00031348221111511","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Association. Cost per life saved by the federal motor vehicle safety standards. https:\/\/crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov\/Api\/Public\/ViewPublication\/809835"},{"key":"bibr3-00031348221111511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16193542"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr4-00031348221111511","first-page":"693","volume":"48","author":"Eid HO","year":"2007","journal-title":"Singap Med J"},{"key":"bibr5-00031348221111511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200111000-00024"},{"key":"bibr6-00031348221111511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.02.017"},{"key":"bibr7-00031348221111511","volume-title":"Measuring steering column motion in Frontal Rigid-barrier test","author":"Reichert R","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr8-00031348221111511","volume-title":"Motorcoach safety research-interior impacts and Compartmentalization","author":"Duffy S","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr9-00031348221111511","volume-title":"Crash avoidance technology evaluation using real-world crash data","author":"Flannagan CA","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr10-00031348221111511","volume-title":"Fatality and injury reporting system tool (FIRST)","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr11-00031348221111511","volume-title":"Crash Viewer","author":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr12-00031348221111511","volume-title":"The medical College of Wisconsin Inc. Accidental injury: biomechanics and prevention","author":"Yoganandan N","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr13-00031348221111511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1732-7_13"},{"key":"bibr14-00031348221111511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.19.6.490"},{"key":"bibr15-00031348221111511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.06.067"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr16-00031348221111511","first-page":"e61","volume":"9","author":"Yousefifard M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"bibr17-00031348221111511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001480"},{"key":"bibr18-00031348221111511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8054"},{"key":"bibr19-00031348221111511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erp.10.8"},{"key":"bibr20-00031348221111511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181df6848"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1177\/00031348241305412","type":"expression_of_concern","label":"Expression of concern","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000}}],"container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348221111511","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00031348221111511","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348221111511","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:37:32Z","timestamp":1777379852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00031348221111511"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00031348221111511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00031348221111511","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1348","1555-9823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-9823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]}}}