{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:33:58Z","timestamp":1777448038354,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the U.S. there are thousands of ballistic firearm injuries to the extremities and subsequent infections, yearly. There is a lack of consensus regarding the ideal duration of antibiotic treatment to prevent infection of these wounds. Our study investigated infection rate among ballistic extremity fracture patients based on antibiotic prophylaxis duration, operative management, wound severity, and fracture location.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective chart review of ballistic extremity fracture patients from a single trauma center from 01\/01\/2010 to 12\/31\/2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 1611 fracture cases screened, 193 met our inclusion criteria. Infection rate was significantly higher among patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis for \u226548\u00a0hours (19.4%) compared to those who received antibiotics for &lt;48 hours (4.4%) (Chi\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 9.89, P = .001). This trend continued among patients who underwent operative management ( P &lt; .001), patients with articular ballistic fractures ( P = .014), patients with non-articular ballistic fractures ( P = .03), and patients with ballistic fractures to the lower extremities ( P = .003). There was no difference in the rate of infection between patients who received \u226548\u00a0hours or &lt;48\u00a0hours of antibiotic prophylaxis among patients with Gustilo-Anderson grade I, grade II, or grade III injuries, patients with ballistic fracture to the upper extremities, and patients who did not undergo operative management.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across all analyses in the present study, there was not a single correlation between antibiotic prophylaxis duration for \u226548\u00a0hours and lower rates of subsequent infection. For patients with ballistic fractures to the extremities, prophylactic antibiotic administration for \u226548\u00a0hours is unwarranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348231157887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T03:22:59Z","timestamp":1676431379000},"page":"3047-3051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Duration of Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Ballistic Fractures to the Extremities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Nathaniel A.","family":"Faber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noah H.","family":"Kathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay N.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00031348231157887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.09.011"},{"key":"bibr2-00031348231157887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.06.002"},{"key":"bibr3-00031348231157887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-1064"},{"key":"bibr4-00031348231157887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-2884-z"},{"key":"bibr5-00031348231157887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-016-2450-8"},{"key":"bibr6-00031348231157887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-015-9284-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr7-00031348231157887","first-page":"980","volume":"91","author":"Dougherty PJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"bibr8-00031348231157887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.01.027"},{"key":"bibr9-00031348231157887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2376-6"},{"key":"bibr10-00031348231157887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658040-00004"},{"key":"bibr11-00031348231157887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199408000-00006"},{"key":"bibr12-00031348231157887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13221-1"},{"key":"bibr13-00031348231157887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200303000-00005"},{"key":"bibr14-00031348231157887","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.0625"}],"container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348231157887","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00031348231157887","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348231157887","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:36:44Z","timestamp":1777379804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00031348231157887"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00031348231157887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00031348231157887","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1348","1555-9823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-9823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]}}}