{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:36:12Z","timestamp":1777448172793,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cerebrovascular embolic strokes are responsible for significant morbidity. 40% of strokes have no inciting cause and are thought to be the result of paradoxical emboli (PDE) passing into the arterial system by way of intra-cardiac or pulmonary vascular defects. We present two cases of PDE resulting in acute ischemic events. A 63-year-old female presented for evaluation of left upper extremity numbness. Imaging was significant for an acute right middle cerebral artery infarct and evidence of a large saddle pulmonary embolism. The patient\u2019s stroke was postulated to have been secondary to a patent foramen ovale (PFO). An 87-year-old male presented for evaluation of chest pain. The patient underwent three-vessel CABG and experienced an acute left hemispheric stroke post-operatively. Transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a biatrial thrombus transversing a PFO and was postulated to have been the cause. The prompt diagnosis of PDE is paramount to preventing the morbidity associated with repeat ischemic events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348231161704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T16:25:58Z","timestamp":1677601558000},"page":"3286-3288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Paradoxical Emboli as a Cause of Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Ilya","family":"Sakharuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Drevets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Coffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wasef","family":"Nijim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00031348231161704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.04.063"},{"key":"bibr2-00031348231161704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.109.192272"},{"key":"bibr3-00031348231161704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071422"},{"key":"bibr4-00031348231161704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.86"}],"container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348231161704","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00031348231161704","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348231161704","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:37:09Z","timestamp":1777379829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00031348231161704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00031348231161704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00031348231161704","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1348","1555-9823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-9823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]}}}