{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T13:25:07Z","timestamp":1784035507128,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686614400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChatGPT has substantial potential to revolutionize medical education. We aim to assess how medical students and laypeople evaluate information produced by ChatGPT compared to an evidence-based resource on the diagnosis and management of 5 common surgical conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 60-question anonymous online survey was distributed to third- and fourth-year U.S. medical students and laypeople to evaluate articles produced by ChatGPT and an evidence-based source on clarity, relevance, reliability, validity, organization, and comprehensiveness. Participants received 2 blinded articles, 1 from each source, for each surgical condition. Paired-sample t-tests were used to compare ratings between the 2 sources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 56 survey participants, 50.9% (n = 28) were U.S. medical students and 49.1% (n = 27) were from the general population. Medical students reported that ChatGPT articles displayed significantly more clarity (appendicitis: 4.39 vs 3.89, P = .020; diverticulitis: 4.54 vs 3.68, P &lt; .001; SBO 4.43 vs 3.79, P = .003; GI bleed: 4.36 vs 3.93, P = .020) and better organization (diverticulitis: 4.36 vs 3.68, P = .021; SBO: 4.39 vs 3.82, P = .033) than the evidence-based source. However, for all 5 conditions, medical students found evidence-based passages to be more comprehensive than ChatGPT articles (cholecystitis: 4.04 vs 3.36, P = .009; appendicitis: 4.07 vs 3.36, P = .015; diverticulitis: 4.07 vs 3.36, P = .015; small bowel obstruction: 4.11 vs 3.54, P = .030; upper GI bleed: 4.11 vs 3.29, P = .003).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical students perceived ChatGPT articles to be clearer and better organized than evidence-based sources on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of 5 common surgical pathologies. However, evidence-based articles were rated as significantly more comprehensive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348231180950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T05:23:09Z","timestamp":1686633789000},"page":"560-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The Utilization of ChatGPT in Reshaping Future Medical Education and Learning Perspectives: A Curse or a Blessing?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Tessa","family":"Breeding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiran Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, NOVA Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiran Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, NOVA Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heli","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiran Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, NOVA Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazem","family":"Nasef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiran Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, NOVA Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiran Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, NOVA Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Piedmont Columbus Regional Hospital, Piedmont, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Elkbuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7702"},{"key":"bibr2-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/45312"},{"key":"bibr3-00031348231180950","first-page":"2023","volume":"12","author":"Hu K","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reuters"},{"key":"bibr4-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_112_23"},{"key":"bibr5-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4346152"},{"key":"bibr6-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.37281"},{"key":"bibr7-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076211038151"},{"key":"bibr8-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/46885"},{"key":"bibr9-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.3.JNS23555"},{"key":"bibr10-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2022.103537"},{"key":"bibr11-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.02.21.23286254"},{"key":"bibr12-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ta.0000000000003387"},{"key":"bibr13-00031348231180950","volume-title":"Current Diagnosis and Treatment Surgery 14\/E","author":"Doherty GM","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr14-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11060887"},{"key":"bibr15-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2023.2181052"},{"key":"bibr16-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04380-2"},{"key":"bibr17-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.230312"},{"key":"bibr18-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37965\/jait.2023.0184"},{"key":"bibr19-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000198"},{"key":"bibr20-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2023.0089"},{"key":"bibr21-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000005266"},{"key":"bibr22-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14703297.2023.2190148"},{"key":"bibr23-00031348231180950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00819-6"},{"key":"bibr24-00031348231180950","unstructured":"Turnitin (2023). 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