{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T20:16:58Z","timestamp":1779913018641,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long years of school\/training have shown to be associated with infertility and pregnancy complications. Rates of infertility and pregnancy complications were compared among women in demanding professional careers to better understand career differences impacting family planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inclusion criteria : English-speaking, childbearing professional women in surgery, medicine, law, and engineering. Exclusion criteria: men and women not in professional careers mentioned and non-childbearing women. Male-dominated fields identified to select non-medical female professionals. Top medical, law, and engineering schools\u2019 female faculty were surveyed from October 2022 to December 2022. Descriptive analysis and chi-squared tests were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2302 surveys were distributed and 268 responses were obtained (11.6%): 121 non-surgeon physicians, 120 lawyers\/other doctorate degree holders, and 27 other\/unknown. Data analysis included prior study\u2019s surgeon data. The median age (IQR = 25%, 75%) of the surgeons was 40y (36,45), non-surgeon physicians 43y (37,50), and law\/other doctorates 38y (35,46). Delayed childbearing was observed in 65.0% surgeons, 66.1% non-surgeon physicians, and 57.5% law\/other doctorates ( P &lt; .001). Pregnancy loss &lt;10wks was observed in 35.3% surgeons, 33.9% non-surgeon physicians, and 30.8% law\/other doctorates ( P &lt; .001). Infertility testing was performed in 43.0% non-surgeon physicians and 34.2% law\/other doctorates ( P &lt; .001). Assisted reproductive technology was utilized by 24.9% surgeons, 43.0% non-surgeon physicians, and 21.7% law\/other doctorates ( P &lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgeons\/physicians suffer more childbearing complications than other professional women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348231216489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T09:15:27Z","timestamp":1700212527000},"page":"494-501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Female Surgeons and Physicians Experience Greater Infertility Rates and Pregnancy Complications Than Other Professional Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Yau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina A.","family":"Lentskevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaleem S.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika L.","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7342-0917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arun K.","family":"Gosain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.3301"},{"key":"bibr2-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.1635"},{"key":"bibr3-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2021.07.011"},{"key":"bibr4-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5638"},{"key":"bibr5-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000003351"},{"key":"bibr6-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534484319861169"},{"key":"bibr7-00031348231216489","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. Bls.gov. Published January 25, 2023. Accessed June 18, 2023. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/cpsaat11.htm"},{"key":"bibr8-00031348231216489","unstructured":"U.S. News. The Best Medical Schools for Research, Ranked. Usnews.com. Updated 2023. Accessed June 18, 2023. https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/best-graduate-schools\/top-medical-schools\/research-rankings"},{"key":"bibr9-00031348231216489","unstructured":"U.S. News. The Best Law Schools in America, Ranked. Usnews.com. Updated 2023. Accessed June 18, 2023. https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/best-graduate-schools\/top-law-schools\/law-rankings"},{"key":"bibr10-00031348231216489","unstructured":"U.S. News. The Best Engineering Schools in America, Ranked. Usnews.com. Updated 2023. Accessed June 18, 2023. https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/best-graduate-schools\/top-engineering-schools\/eng-rankings"},{"key":"bibr11-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.35.4.223"},{"key":"bibr12-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPUL.2017.2750818"},{"key":"bibr13-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/00703370-10653728"},{"key":"bibr14-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.004"},{"key":"bibr15-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.0153"},{"key":"bibr16-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2016.06.018"},{"key":"bibr17-00031348231216489","unstructured":"American Board of Surgery. Leave Policy - General Surgery. www.absurgery.org. Updated June 2022. Accessed June 18, 2023 https:\/\/www.absurgery.org\/default.jsp?policygsleave"},{"key":"bibr18-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14414"},{"key":"bibr19-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61683-4"},{"key":"bibr20-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2372732217745096"},{"key":"bibr21-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30359-5"},{"key":"bibr22-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002196"},{"key":"bibr23-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2012.04.005"},{"key":"bibr24-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002580"},{"key":"bibr25-00031348231216489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.2985"}],"container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348231216489","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00031348231216489","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348231216489","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:38:46Z","timestamp":1777379926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00031348231216489"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00031348231216489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00031348231216489","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1348","1555-9823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-9823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]}}}