{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:51:25Z","timestamp":1777449085772,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Empyema resulting as a complication of penetrating diaphragmatic injuries is a subject that requires further investigation, and the aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with empyema in patients with penetrating trauma. Consecutive adult trauma patients from a level 1 trauma center were searched for penetrating diaphragm injuries. Data were collected on patient demographics, pre-existing conditions, injury type and severity, hospital interventions, in-hospital complications, and outcomes. Patients were stratified by empyema formation and univariant analyses were performed. 164 patients were identified, and 17 patients (10.4%) developed empyema. Empyema was associated with visible abdominal contamination (35.3% vs 15%, P = .04), thoracotomy (35.5% vs 13.6%, P = .03), pneumonia (41.2% vs 14.3%, P = .01), sepsis (35.3% vs 8.8%, P = .006), increased hospital length of stay (25.5 vs 10.1 days, p =&lt;.001), increased intensive care unit length of stay (9.6 vs 4.3 days, P = .01), and decreased in-hospital mortality (0% vs 20.4%, P = .04).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348241248700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T11:46:45Z","timestamp":1713613605000},"page":"2320-2322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Factors for Empyema Following Penetrating Diaphragmatic Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Lydia C.","family":"Rewerts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lance E.","family":"Stuke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan B.","family":"Marr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Schoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Greiffenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00031348241248700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199710000-00010"},{"key":"bibr2-00031348241248700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0733-8627(05)70351-5"},{"key":"bibr3-00031348241248700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318185e20e"},{"key":"bibr4-00031348241248700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-022-00453-9"}],"container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348241248700","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00031348241248700","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348241248700","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:40:00Z","timestamp":1777380000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00031348241248700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00031348241248700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00031348241248700","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1348","1555-9823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-9823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]}}}