{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T07:12:46Z","timestamp":1788592366484,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714176000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies suggest increased abdominal girth in obese individuals provides a \u201ccushion effect,\u201d against severe abdominal trauma. In comparison, the unique anatomic\/physiological condition of pregnancy, such as the upward displacement of organs by an expanding uterus, may decrease risk of abdominal injury. However, increased overall blood volume and vascularity of organs during pregnancy raise concerns for increased bleeding and potentially more severe injuries. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate whether the \u201ccushion effect\u201d observed in obese patients extends to pregnant trauma patients (PTPs). We hypothesized a lower risk of blunt solid organ injury (BSOI) (liver, spleen, and kidney) in pregnant vs non-pregnant blunt trauma patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 2020-2021 Trauma Quality Improvement Program was queried for all female blunt trauma patients (age&lt;50 years) involved in motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). We compared pregnant vs non-pregnant patients. The primary outcomes were incidence of BSOI, and severity of abdominal trauma defined by abbreviated injury scale (AIS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 94,831 female patients, 2598 (2.7%) were pregnant. When compared to non-pregnant patients, PTPs had lower rates of liver (5.5% vs 7.6%, P &lt; .001) and kidney (1.8% vs 2.6%, P = .013) injury. However, PTPs had higher rates of serious (13.4% vs 9.0%, P &lt; .001) and severe abdominal injury (7.5% vs 4.3%, P &lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BSOI occurred at a lower rate in PTPs compared to non-PTPs; however, contrary to the \u201ccushion effect\u201d observed in obese populations, pregnant women had a higher rate of severe abdominal injuries. These data support comprehensive evaluations for PTPs presenting after a MVC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IV (therapeutic).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348241248790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T08:48:04Z","timestamp":1714207684000},"page":"2553-2559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Blunt Abdominal Trauma in Pregnancy: Higher Rates of Severe Abdominal Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Shannon","family":"Skochko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Irvine, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffry","family":"Nahmias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irvine, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irvine, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irvine, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Schubl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irvine, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Swentek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irvine, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areg","family":"Grigorian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irvine, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003964"},{"key":"bibr2-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.08.004"},{"key":"bibr3-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003585"},{"key":"bibr4-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2016-021"},{"key":"bibr5-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-021-00948-9"},{"key":"bibr6-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000064449.11809.48"},{"key":"bibr7-00031348241248790","first-page":"545","volume":"47","author":"Wang SC","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med"},{"key":"bibr8-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.433"},{"key":"bibr9-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4069\/kjwhn.2021.12.12"},{"key":"bibr10-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2019.01.009"},{"key":"bibr11-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(58)90076-0"},{"key":"bibr12-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-4679(89)90135-2"},{"key":"bibr13-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199807000-00018"},{"key":"bibr14-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199012063232307"},{"key":"bibr15-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-023-02195-w"},{"key":"bibr16-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000239224.48719.28"},{"key":"bibr17-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002355"},{"key":"bibr18-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1777339"},{"key":"bibr19-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2010.04.019"},{"key":"bibr20-00031348241248790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2022.10.087"}],"container-title":["The 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