{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T21:44:48Z","timestamp":1793051088882,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was first introduced as a diagnosis by the American Psychiatric Association in 1980. This diagnosis, included in the 3rd edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-III), was to be considered after someone was exposed to a traumatic event \u201coutside the range of usual human experience and would be markedly distressing to almost anyone.\u201d Since then, trauma survivors have been identified as being at risk for the development of post-traumatic stress symptom (PTSS) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite the recognition of this fact, the screening, recognition, and diagnosis of PTSD in these at-risk populations are inconsistent. In the following review, which is designed for the clinician who is unfamiliar with PTSD and its recognition, diagnosis, and treatment, we introduce the problem in the trauma patient and define its scope. In addition, we discuss the diagnosis of PTSD in trauma patients, special considerations relating to these patient populations, treatment options, and explore future directions for how best to define, study, recognize, and treat this challenging and potentially devastating condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348241290610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T15:54:58Z","timestamp":1728489298000},"page":"292-299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Trauma Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Brandon","family":"Radow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, CAMC Institute for Academic Medicine, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, CAMC Institute for Academic Medicine, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5420-8585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan K.","family":"Richmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, CAMC Institute for Academic Medicine, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, West Virginia University Charleston, Charleston, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181e16e2a"},{"key":"bibr2-00031348241290610","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1968","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr3-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003079"},{"key":"bibr4-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012"},{"key":"bibr5-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.6.941"},{"key":"bibr6-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707001006"},{"key":"bibr7-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002370"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr8-00031348241290610","first-page":"263","volume":"68","author":"Brasel KJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"bibr9-00031348241290610","volume-title":"Resources for optimal care of the injured patient","author":"American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr10-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12628"},{"key":"bibr11-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1771"},{"key":"bibr12-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260504263872"},{"key":"bibr13-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.2006502"},{"key":"bibr14-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1695486"},{"key":"bibr15-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254"},{"key":"bibr16-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13651501.2023.2197965"},{"key":"bibr17-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001944"},{"key":"bibr18-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490060405"},{"key":"bibr19-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199701000-00006"},{"key":"bibr20-00031348241290610","unstructured":"Foa EB, Capaldi S. Manual for the administration and scoring of the PTSD symptom scale-interview for DSM-5 (PSS-I-5). 2013."},{"key":"bibr21-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"bibr22-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2020.03.037"},{"key":"bibr23-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTN.0000000000000580"},{"key":"bibr24-00031348241290610","volume-title":"(Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 57.) Chapter 3, Understanding the Impact of Trauma","author":"Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (US)","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr25-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.170021"},{"key":"bibr26-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2019.11.373"},{"key":"bibr27-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00258"},{"key":"bibr28-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048469"},{"key":"bibr29-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00923"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr30-00031348241290610","first-page":"32","volume":"37","author":"Alexander W","year":"2012","journal-title":"P T"},{"key":"bibr31-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2022.04.00"},{"key":"bibr32-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171700349X"},{"key":"bibr33-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01632-1"},{"key":"bibr34-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.595584"},{"key":"bibr35-00031348241290610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231710099"},{"key":"bibr36-00031348241290610","volume-title":"(Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 57.) Chapter 4, Screening and Assessment","author":"Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (US)","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr37-00031348241290610","unstructured":"American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Statement on post-traumatic stress disorder in adults. 2017; Available at: https:\/\/www.facs.org\/about-acs\/statements\/ptsd-in-adults\/"}],"container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348241290610","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00031348241290610","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348241290610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:36:58Z","timestamp":1777379818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00031348241290610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00031348241290610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00031348241290610","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1348","1555-9823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-9823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]}}}