{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:35:39Z","timestamp":1777448139115,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Empire Clinical Research Investigator Program"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Buffalo Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100027761","name":"Kiwanis Children\u2019s Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100027761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2020, the public health crises of gun violence and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) collided and interventions to decrease COVID-19 transmission displaced millions of Americans from normal activity. We analyzed the effects of COVID-19 and its resultant shutdowns on gun violence in Buffalo, NY.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We queried the Gun Violence Archive (GVA) and the hospital databases from the 2 level 1 trauma centers which serve Buffalo firearm victims between March 15th and June 24th, 2020 (\u201cCOVID\u201d) and the same time period for years 2013 (hospital data)\/2014 (GVA data) through 2019 (\u201cpre-COVID\u201d) and 2021 through 2022 (\u201cpost-COVID\u201d). Data points collected included number of daily victims, victim age, gender, and morbidity\/mortality. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare gun violence in these 3 periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 518 and 913 victims in the GVA and hospital data sets, respectively. Bivariate analyses showed fewer incidents on Saturdays during the pandemic in both data sets (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Multivariate analyses demonstrated no association between number of gun violence victims and time period in either data set (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no change in number of gun violence victims during the COVID-19 shutdowns compared to pre-COVID and post-COVID periods in Buffalo, NY. However, there was a change in the weekly temporality of gun violence during the COVID pandemic. Multiple databases are needed to accurately capture gun violence from an epidemiologic perspective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348241300363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T03:16:36Z","timestamp":1735010196000},"page":"593-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gun Violence in the COVID-19 Era: Using Multiple Databases to Describe the Experience in Buffalo, NY"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6089-9754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph C.","family":"L\u2019Huillier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"},{"name":"Division of Health Services Policy and Practice, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Nordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, John R. Oishei Children\u2019s Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veer V.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Services Policy and Practice, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittany L.","family":"Cantor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Services Policy and Practice, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Tadlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Services Policy and Practice, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brianna","family":"Friend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Boccardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jihnhee","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Lukan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise F.","family":"Lillvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"},{"name":"Division of Health Services Policy and Practice, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, John R. Oishei Children\u2019s Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn D.","family":"Bass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, John R. Oishei Children\u2019s Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA"},{"name":"Carilion Clinic, Carilion Children's Pediatric Surgery, Roankoe, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Davis A Kim R Crifasi CK. A year in review: 2021 gun deaths in the U.S. Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions; 2023. Available at: https:\/\/publichealth.jhu.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-06\/2023-june-cgvs-u-s-gun-violence-in-2021.pdf. Accessed 10 Sept 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2019.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"New York Governor issues statewide stay-at-home order for all non-essential workers","author":"Pedersen E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pedersen E. New York Governor issues statewide stay-at-home order for all non-essential workers. Deadline; 2020. Available at: https:\/\/deadline.com\/2020\/03\/new-york-stay-at-home-order-andrew-cuomo-1202888587\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002859"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/corr.0000000000001484"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.9393"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","volume-title":"Data from: Standard Reports","author":"Gun Violence Archive","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gun Violence Archive. Data from: Standard Reports. Washington DC. 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2015.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043412"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","volume-title":"Data from: Local Climatological Data","author":"National and Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","year":"2020","unstructured":"National and Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Data from: Local Climatological Data. National Centers for Environmental Information; 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.16545"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-018-0168-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003367"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-019-00017-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000000845"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000004370"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.33484"}],"container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348241300363","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00031348241300363","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348241300363","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:37:03Z","timestamp":1777379823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00031348241300363"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00031348241300363"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00031348241300363","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1348","1555-9823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-9823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]}}}