{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:35:41Z","timestamp":1787315741150,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011624","name":"Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["255800-00-RES SUPPT TRAUMA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["255800-00-RES SUPPT TRAUMA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The clinical decision to administer venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (VTE PPX) is determined by an assumption of low rebleeding risk. Findings from this study will inform clinical decisions designed to help traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients avoid VTE complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study utilized the ACS-TQIP-PUF from 2017 to 2021. The study population consisted of adult (\u226515\u00a0years) patients who received LMWH, UFH, or mechanical filter VTE PPX with no missing times and had a blunt isolated TBI. The population was split into two groups, patients with and without a comorbid history of anticoagulation or bleeding disorder (BLEED). The Modified Berne-Norwood Criteria (mBNC) was applied to distinguish each group based on size and TBI type into a low, moderate, and high risk of rebleeding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 99,078 patients were included in the analysis; 75,952 (76.6%) did not have a comorbid BLEED. A protective effect against mortality, DVT and PE if VTE PPX was given very early in both the low- and moderate-risk groups (all values\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01). The high-risk group found a higher likelihood of mortality in the very early and mid VTE PPX BLEED group (all values\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 .03).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Very early (\u226424\u00a0hr) VTE PPX in the low- and moderate-risk mBNC reports to be effective in preventing VTE and mortality. Very early VTE PPX in the high-risk group prevents VTE; however, it is associated with a higher likelihood of mortality in BLEED groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348251329469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T07:55:10Z","timestamp":1744271710000},"page":"1170-1177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Very Early (\u2264 24 hours) Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Timing Based on Size and Type of Traumatic Brain Injury: A National Retrospective Analysis of Risk Stratification and Anticoagulation History in the Trauma Population"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6003-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather X.","family":"Rhodes-Lyons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"McClure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalli","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Graduate Medical Education, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiana","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Brandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Martinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Pepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Grand Strand Medical Center, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program. Best practices in the management of traumatic brain injury. Committee on Trauma. 2015. https:\/\/www.facs.org\/media\/mkej5u3b\/tbi_guidelines.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3366"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.5794"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/505373"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318031b5f5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","first-page":"148","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of prophylactic anticoagulation in patients with traumatic brain injury","volume":"213","author":"Scudday T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scudday T, Brasel K, Webb T, et al. Safety and efficacy of prophylactic anticoagulation in patients with traumatic brain injury. JACS. 2011;213(1):148-154.","journal-title":"JACS"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2459"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","unstructured":"American College of Surgeons. Best practices in the management of traumatic brain injury. https:\/\/www.facs.org\/media\/mkej5u3b\/tbi_guidelines.pdf Updated July 10 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_543_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","unstructured":"American College of Surgeons. Trauma quality program participant use file. https:\/\/www.facs.org\/quality-programs\/trauma\/quality\/national-trauma-data-bank\/datasets\/ Updated July 10 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348221102604"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","first-page":"p649","article-title":"Early venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with trauma intracranial hemorrhage: analysis of the prospective multicenter consortium of leaders in traumatic thromboembolism study","volume":"95","author":"Wu Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu Y, Chien C, Matsushima K, et al. Early venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with trauma intracranial hemorrhage: analysis of the prospective multicenter consortium of leaders in traumatic thromboembolism study. JTACS. 2023;95(5):p649-p656.","journal-title":"JTACS"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003985"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2022.0048"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2021.07.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002359"}],"container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348251329469","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00031348251329469","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348251329469","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:37:29Z","timestamp":1777379849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00031348251329469"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00031348251329469"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00031348251329469","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1348","1555-9823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-9823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]}}}