{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T13:23:04Z","timestamp":1783084984495,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Inhalation injuries heighten the morbidity and mortality associated with burn injury. Nebulized heparin and N-acetylcysteine have been proposed as adjunctive treatments for severe inhalation injury. In this study, a total of 100 inhalation injuries were identified over a 4-year period, with 40 patients suffering grade II-III inhalation injuries confirmed via fiberoptic bronchoscopy. 47.5% of patients received the inhalation protocol of nebulized heparin, N-acetylcysteine, and albuterol. Patient demographics and inhalation injury grade were similar between the groups (2 vs 2,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .20). The utilization of the inhalation protocol did not shorten the number of ventilator days (5 vs 6,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .76) or show survival benefit (57.9 vs 52.4%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .73). An inhalational protocol did not improve outcomes in burn patients suffering abbreviated injury score (AIS) grade II-III inhalation injuries at our institution. Moving forward, large, multicenter, randomized control trials are needed to determine the true efficacy of nebulized heparin and N-acetylcysteine for AIS grade II-III injuries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348251337148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T03:35:48Z","timestamp":1746848148000},"page":"1392-1395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nebulized Heparin and N-Acetylcysteine do Not Improve Outcomes of Intubated Burn Patients With Grade II or III Inhalation Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4591-9494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William B.","family":"Risinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5718-1647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria R.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinweotuto V.","family":"Uma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany L.","family":"Sims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Keeven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal N.","family":"Dye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen A.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason W.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0105-2454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keith R.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew V.","family":"Benns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Pera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George R.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie C.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Harbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Bozeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraa101"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190017747143"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e318234d92f"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e31815f596b"}],"container-title":["The American 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