{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:54:47Z","timestamp":1783119287691,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Previous studies have demonstrated variability between prehospital (PH) and Emergency Department (ED) Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for patients suffering traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Understanding the relationship between PH and ED GCS, as well as the factors that may contribute to any observed differences, is crucial for optimizing trauma triage protocols and resource allocation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) was surveyed for adults aged \u226518\u00a0years following blunt TBI. PH and ED GCS scores were compared, including subgroup analysis of different TBI severities, Injury Severity Score (ISS), transport time, trauma verification level, intoxication, ICP monitor use, and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n 419\u00a0145 patients were included. Overall, there was no difference in median PH and ED GCS (15 vs 15, z = 0.00,\n P =<\/jats:italic>\n 1.00), with substantial agreement (\u03ba\n w<\/jats:sub>\n = 0.759,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001). For mild TBI, there was fair agreement between PH and ED GCS (\u03ba\n w<\/jats:sub>\n = 0.409,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001); for moderate TBI, there was moderate agreement (\u03ba\n w<\/jats:sub>\n = 0.569,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001); and for severe TBI, there was substantial agreement (\u03ba\n w<\/jats:sub>\n = 0.665,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001). Alcohol and drug intoxication, mortality, need for ICP monitor, and transport times were associated with differences in PH vs ED GCS, while ISS was not.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n PH and ED providers overall score patients similarly for GCS. While some minor differences were seen for certain subgroups (mild and severe TBI, mortality, alcohol or drug intoxication, transport times), these differences are likely not clinically significant.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348251359122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T14:51:27Z","timestamp":1751986287000},"page":"1778-1785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prehospital versus Emergency Department Glasgow Coma Scale in Blunt Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Review of the National Trauma Data Bank"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Taylor E.","family":"Messick-Ngo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Riverside Community Hospital, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhani K.","family":"Chawla-Kondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Riverside Community Hospital, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel L.","family":"Scally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Riverside Community Hospital, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany R.","family":"Sadoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Riverside Community Hospital, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas W.","family":"Sheets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Riverside Community Hospital, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Plurad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Riverside Community Hospital, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2076-2436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily D.","family":"Dubina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Riverside Community Hospital, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075049"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91639-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","volume-title":"Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient","author":"American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma","year":"2014","unstructured":"American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient. Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons; 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000205860.96209.1c"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","volume-title":"Glasgow Coma Scale for Field Triage of Trauma: A Systematic Review","author":"Chou R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chou R, Totten AM, Pappas M, et al. Glasgow Coma Scale for Field Triage of Trauma: A Systematic Review. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050902926267"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(03)00814-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyw178"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.07.454"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X14001289"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Agreement between prehospital and emergency department Glasgow coma scores","volume":"63","author":"Kerby JD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kerby JD, MacLennan PA, Burton JN, McGwin GJr, Rue LW3rd. Agreement between prehospital and emergency department Glasgow coma scores. J Trauma. 2007;63(5):1026-1031.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0269905031000070260"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000250413.41265.d3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.12.095"}],"container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348251359122","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00031348251359122","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348251359122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:38:13Z","timestamp":1777379893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00031348251359122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00031348251359122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00031348251359122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1348","1555-9823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-9823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]}}}