{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:43:17Z","timestamp":1777448597603,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastrocardiac syndrome is a condition where digestive issues, particularly in the upper gastrointestinal tract, are linked to heart-related symptoms. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernia (HH) are notable causes. The release of cytokines near the damaged esophagus may promote atrial fibrillation (AF). Hiatal hernia may lead to anatomical block and arrhythmias. Our systematic review aims to investigate the relationship between treatment of GERD\/HH and improvement\/resolution of arrhythmias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases including PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched from January 2005 to February 2024 using specific terms. Two co-authors screened and reviewed records. Exclusion criteria included cases without post-treatment information and conference abstracts. All study types discussing the relationship between GERD\/ HH and arrhythmias were included. Data on patient characteristics, arrhythmia types, treatments, and outcomes were extracted. Murad checklist was utilized for quality assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>13 studies in the review included 11 case reports, 1 case series, and 1 pilot study. Hiatal hernia repair (HHR) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) resolved arrhythmias in case reports and the case series. Proton pump inhibitor treatment for reflux esophagitis reduced AF symptoms in the pilot study. Arrhythmia resolution usually occurred shortly after treatment began. Patients were mostly around 59-62\u00a0years old, with more males. Hypertension and esophagitis were common comorbidities. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) was the most frequent arrhythmia type. Antiarrhythmic medication was stopped in some cases, and anticoagulation varied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hiatal hernia and GERD may contribute to arrhythmias, and early management with surgery and PPIs shows promise in resolving symptoms and reducing medication reliance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348251367042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T04:00:43Z","timestamp":1754971243000},"page":"404-413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Link\u2014Hiatal Hernia Repair and GERD Treatments for Managing Arrhythmias: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Samer","family":"Ganam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine"},{"name":"Tampa General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6573-7893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Sujka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine"},{"name":"Tampa General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Mhaskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine"},{"name":"University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"DuCoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine"},{"name":"Tampa General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-236910"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.11.198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.cj-09-0999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4901.101760"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.cj-09-0644"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000225571.42890.a5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4022\/jafib.894"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)63134-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jccase.2023.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.dac"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"270","article-title":"Case of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation improved after the administration of proton pump inhibitor for associated reflux esophagitis","volume":"98","author":"Nakamura H","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nakamura H, Nakaji G, Shimazu H, et al. Case of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation improved after the administration of proton pump inhibitor for associated reflux esophagitis. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. 2007;98:270-276.","journal-title":"Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2017-110853"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.21969"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6697016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.10.057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1952.tb13409.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047575"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000331497"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-003-1216-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000084294.77504.4B"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02987.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.27.10.1770"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00175714"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"[Cardiac side effects of anti-arrhythmia agents]","volume":"77","author":"Seipel L","year":"1988","unstructured":"Seipel L. 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