{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:44:25Z","timestamp":1777448665664,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dr. John Jeffries (1744-1819) twice became one of the most prominent surgeons in Boston. His career was interrupted by the American Revolution. Having chosen the Loyalist side, from 1776 to 1790, he left his native city and served with the British Army in Nova Scotia and the Carolinas. After the war, he established a successful practice in London and made the first flight across the English Channel. Able to return in 1790, he resettled in Boston and again became a leading figure in the city\u2019s medical community. This essay gives a short synopsis of his extraordinary life and of the death of his friend Dr. Joseph Warren.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348251383477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T23:02:08Z","timestamp":1758754928000},"page":"1037-1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Other Side of the Hill: Dr. John Jeffries and the Dilemmas of the Loyalist Surgeon"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5826-4834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Kernahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"The British-Americans: The Loyalist Exiles in England, 1774-1789","author":"Norton MB","year":"1974","unstructured":"Norton MB. 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Massachusetts Historical Society; 1970, 15, 1761-1763."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM182001010090111"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","volume-title":"Dr. John Jeffries (1745-1819) and the Uncertain Practices of Smallpox Medicine","author":"Lee HJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee HJ. Dr. John Jeffries (1745-1819) and the Uncertain Practices of Smallpox Medicine. PhD. University of Indianna; 2016. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/docview\/1836796821?pq-origsite=primo. Accessed 20 August 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"1768","volume-title":"John Jeffries Papers","unstructured":"John Jeffries Papers. Hollis Library, Harvard University, 1768-1963. https:\/\/hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu\/repositories\/24\/resources\/2755\/collection_organization"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","volume-title":"The Boston Massacre","author":"Allison RJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Allison RJ. The Boston Massacre. Applewood Books; 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","volume-title":"American Medical Biography Vol 1 Harvard","author":"Thacher J","year":"1828","unstructured":"Thacher J. American Medical Biography Vol 1 Harvard. Boston: Richardson & Lord and Cottons & Barnard; 1828."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"52","article-title":"The treason of the merchants: dissent and repression in Halifax in the era of the American Revolution","volume":"26","author":"Cahill B","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cahill B. The treason of the merchants: dissent and repression in Halifax in the era of the American Revolution. Acadiensis. 1996;26(1):52-70.","journal-title":"Acadiensis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","volume-title":"Jeffries of Massachusetts, 1658-1914","author":"Jeffries JTL","year":"1914","unstructured":"Jeffries JTL. Jeffries of Massachusetts, 1658-1914. No Publisher; 1914."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","unstructured":"Adams papers digital edition - Massachusetts Historical Society. https:\/\/www.masshist.org\/publications\/adams-papers\/. Accessed August 22 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","volume-title":"A Narrative of the Two Aerial Voyages of Doctor Jeffries with Mons. Blanchard; with Meteorological Observations and Remarks. The First Voyage, on the Thirtieth of November, 1784 from London into Kent: The Second, on the Seventh of January, 1785, from England into France","author":"Jeffries J","year":"1941","unstructured":"Jeffries J. A Narrative of the Two Aerial Voyages of Doctor Jeffries with Mons. Blanchard; with Meteorological Observations and Remarks. The First Voyage, on the Thirtieth of November, 1784 from London into Kent: The Second, on the Seventh of January, 1785, from England into France. American Institute of Aerospace Sciences; 1941."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","volume-title":"John Jeffries: A Loyalist Doctor during the American Revolutionary War, 1775-1790. M.A","author":"Shubert JL","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shubert JL. John Jeffries: A Loyalist Doctor during the American Revolutionary War, 1775-1790. M.A. Texas A&M University - Central Texas; 2024. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/docview\/3094714203\/abstract\/106D7BB177034562PQ\/1. Accessed 20 June 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","first-page":"30","article-title":"\u201cI wish for nothing more ardently upon earth, than to see my friends and country again\u201d: the return of Massachusetts Loyalists","volume":"30","author":"Kermes S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kermes S. \u201cI wish for nothing more ardently upon earth, than to see my friends and country again\u201d: the return of Massachusetts Loyalists. Hist J Mass. 2002;30(1):30-49.","journal-title":"Hist J Mass"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(80)90321-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.7471123"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","volume-title":"The Loyalist Conscience: Principled Opposition to the American Revolution","author":"Rosenberg CM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosenberg CM. The Loyalist Conscience: Principled Opposition to the American Revolution. McFarland; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","volume-title":"The Loyal Blacks","author":"Wilson EG","year":"1976","unstructured":"Wilson EG. The Loyal Blacks. Capricorn Books; 1976."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","volume-title":"Liberty\u2019s Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World","author":"Jasanoff M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jasanoff M. Liberty\u2019s Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World. 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