{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T04:05:41Z","timestamp":1780545941828,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study established and validated a clinical prediction model for pneumonia in patients with rib fractures receiving basic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective case-control study included patients with rib fractures treated at author\u2019s hospital, between April 2017 and April 2022. The patients were randomly assigned in a 7:3 ratio to the training and validation groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent risk factors for pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During the study period, 809 patients were treated for rib fractures, and 150 developed pneumonia. After LASSO selection, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR = 1.074, 95% CI: 1.049-1.100,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), simple hemothorax (unilateral: OR = 2.837, 95% CI: 1.399-5.754,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004), pulmonary contusion (unilateral: OR = 3.254, 95% CI: 1.695-6.250,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), subcutaneous emphysema (mild: OR = 4.387, 95% CI: 1.871-10.287,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), and other system damage with abbreviated injury scale (AIS) \u22653 (OR = 3.822, 95% CI: 1.536-9.512,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004) were independently associated with the occurrence of pneumonia in patients with rib fracture. The multivariable analysis was used to construct a nomogram. In the training set, the model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8551 (95% CI: 0.8159-0.8942), while the AUC in the validation set was 0.8184; 95% CI: 0.7567-0.8801.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study established a model for pneumonia in patients with rib fractures based on age, simple hemothorax, pulmonary contusion, subcutaneous emphysema, and other system damage AIS \u22653. The nomogram could be used to improve patient management and identify those in need of pneumonia prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348251394274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T17:06:33Z","timestamp":1763744793000},"page":"1421-1436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Nomogram for Predicting Pneumonia Risk in Basically Managed Rib Fracture Patients: Development and Validation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Jianpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3364-9860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhidong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001301"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aco.0000432516.93715.a7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2020.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160100"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.04.05"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-019-01705-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2024.111783"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1116828"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-024-00559-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","first-page":"513","article-title":"Chinese consensus on diagnosis and treatment of traumatic rib and sternal fractures","volume":"39","author":"China Chest Injury Research Society","year":"2023","unstructured":"China Chest Injury Research Society. 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