{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T21:06:11Z","timestamp":1777755971003,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Traumatic portal vein injuries are often fatal, with historical mortality rates as high as 71%. This report examines the 1894 assassination of French President Sadi Carnot as an early case of unsuccessful surgical management of a portal vein injury. After sustaining a stab wound to the upper abdomen, Carnot underwent emergent laparotomy but died within hours. Autopsy later revealed an unrecognized laceration of the right branch of the portal vein. This assassination deeply influenced Dr Alexis Carrel, who later developed pioneering vascular anastomosis techniques. We subsequently trace the historical evolution of portal vein trauma management to modern ligation, repair, and nonoperative strategies. Recent national trauma registry analyses demonstrate in instances where repair is not feasible, ligation may be a viable option in hemodynamically unstable patients. This case highlights the impact of single case on a century of innovation in trauma surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348251405549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T08:21:32Z","timestamp":1764231692000},"page":"1657-1662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Ligation in Portal Vein Trauma: A Historical Case Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3292-3542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan J.","family":"Beck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Medical School"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Llewellyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodore N.","family":"Pappas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-6109(01)80017-7"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"383","article-title":"Traumatic injuries of the portal vein. 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Storck; 1894."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","volume-title":"Blessure, Op\u00e9ration, Mort de M. le Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise","author":"Poncet A","year":"1894","unstructured":"Poncet A. Blessure, Op\u00e9ration, Mort de M. le Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise. Association Typographique; 1894."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7944(01)00416-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"307","article-title":"La blessure de la veine porte est-elle n\u00e9cessairment mortelle?","volume":"76","author":"L\u00e9pine R","year":"1894","unstructured":"L\u00e9pine R. La blessure de la veine porte est-elle n\u00e9cessairment mortelle? Lyon Med. 1894;76:307-311.","journal-title":"Lyon Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"641","article-title":"The Eck-Pavlov connection","volume":"51","author":"Rocko JM","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rocko JM, Swan KG. The Eck-Pavlov connection. 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