{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T08:59:41Z","timestamp":1785142781017,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children are at a high risk for dog bite injuries with approximately 100\u00a0000 pediatric victims annually. Anatomical factors, including proportionally larger heads and compliant tissues, make children vulnerable to severe head and torso injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single center retrospective cohort study was performed including all patients with a mechanism of \u201cdog bite\u201d from 2016-2024. Demographics, injury patterns, surgical interventions, canine characteristics, and mortality were obtained. Patients were stratified into pediatric (&lt;18\u00a0years old) and adult (\u226518\u00a0years old) groups and a bivariate analysis was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 276 patients were seen for dog bites, 80 (29%) of whom were less than 18 years old with a median age of 4. Pediatric patients were predominately bitten by known household pets (91.3%). They sustained a greater proportion of head and torso injuries (93.8% vs 41.8%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001) with a higher rate of facial surgery consultation (77.5% vs 28.1%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). Despite that, adult patients had a higher median ISS (1.5 [1, 5] vs 1 [1, 2],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.008) and were more likely to require an operation (57.1% vs 38.8%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.006), even when controlled for ISS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric dog bite victims have higher rates of cranial trauma requiring surgical subspecialist involvement. Larger studies are needed to refine risk stratification tools for this vulnerable population. Preventative strategies should emphasize responsible pet ownership and family education on dog behavior to reduce the incidence and severity of pediatric dog bite injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348261471484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T02:40:02Z","timestamp":1784947202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age Matters: Predicting Outcomes After Dog Bite Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6138-944X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan E.","family":"Hovell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6421-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace A.","family":"Proffitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lincoln Memorial University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1552-024X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine L.","family":"McKnight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Hungerford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Shaun","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davis P.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NCfIPaC. Web-based injury statistics query and reporting system (WISQARS). https:\/\/wisqars.cdc.gov\/reports\/?o=NFI&y1=2023&y2=2023&d=0&i=0&m=3160&g=00&s=0&r=0&ry=2&e=0&a=custom&g1=0&g2=199&a1=0&a2=18&r1=INTENT&r2=NONE&r3=NONE&r4=NONE&adv=true. Accessed 12 30 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NCfHS. National vital statistics system mortality 2018-2023 on CDC WONDER online database. https:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/ucd-icd10-expanded.html. Accessed 12 30 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-024-00537-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","unstructured":"Commission CPS. National electronic injury surveillance system 2005-2024 on NEISS online database. https:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/cgibin\/NEISSQuery\/home.aspx. Accessed 12 30 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/wjps-2021-000281"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01360"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.48470"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2025.112535"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.7.PEDS1646"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.09.055"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000084864"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000010289"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-018-0145-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-024-00619-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000003048"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216942"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uysal CA Alagoz SM Savran S Firat Esmer A Uz A. Face perforators: an anatomical study. J Craniofac Surg. 2026;Advance online publication. doi:10.1097\/SCS.0000000000012432.","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000012432"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2024.161984"}],"container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348261471484","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00031348261471484","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348261471484","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T08:02:31Z","timestamp":1785139351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00031348261471484"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00031348261471484"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00031348261471484","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1348","1555-9823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-9823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"article-number":"00031348261471484"}}