{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T12:01:13Z","timestamp":1790942473260,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hanging is a highly lethal method of suicide associated with substantial neurologic morbidity among survivors. Although multiple injuries have been described following near-hanging, factors associated with mortality remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize injury patterns and identify predictors of mortality in hanging-related trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was performed using the TriNetX Research Network. Adult patients (\u226518\u00a0years) with hanging-related trauma between 2004 and 2024 were identified using ICD-based codes and stratified by in-hospital mortality. Demographics, injury patterns, and outcomes were compared between survivors and non-survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 3748 patients met inclusion criteria, including 3167 survivors (84.5%) and 581 non-survivors (15.5%). Mean age was 31.1 \u00b1 14.3\u00a0years, and 68% were male. Anoxic brain injury and cerebral edema were significantly more common among non-survivors than survivors (34.0% vs 11.6%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). Cervical spine injuries (4.48% vs 1.72%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) and cerebrovascular injuries (2.95% vs 1.36%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.072) were infrequent and not associated with increased mortality. Among non-survivors, 20.4% were declared brain dead and 11% became organ donors. Among survivors, tracheostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement were uncommon (0.75% and 0.82%, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mortality following hanging-related trauma is primarily driven by hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and cerebral edema rather than structural cervical spine or cerebrovascular injuries. Patients presenting with cardiac arrest are at markedly increased risk of mortality, although neurologic recovery remains possible after successful resuscitation. Early neurologic assessment and prevention of secondary brain injury may improve risk stratification and management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348261472850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:42:04Z","timestamp":1790671324000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anoxic Brain Injury and Mortality in Hanging-Related Trauma"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9779-9231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Iskandar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Riverside Community Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmine","family":"Yadollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Dubina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riverside Community Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas W.","family":"Sheets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riverside Community Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Suicide Data and Statistics","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2024","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Suicide Data and Statistics. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/suicide\/facts\/data.html. Accessed 2 June 2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2012.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.14257"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29045\/14784726.2021.3.5.4.40"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.10.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481908500534"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.joacp_249_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348251329500"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gueddoum Y Boulouis G Ait Aissa M et al. Prognostic factors of hospital mortality after near hanging: a retrospective two-center French study. J Intensive Care Med. 2024;40(5):503-508. Published online December 4.","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666241303881"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2024.07.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12859"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2019.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2026.111017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1240383"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.07.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2026.113024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-020-00959-7"}],"container-title":["The American Surgeon\u2122"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348261472850","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00031348261472850","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00031348261472850","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T11:48:26Z","timestamp":1790941706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00031348261472850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00031348261472850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00031348261472850","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1348","1555-9823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1348","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-9823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"article-number":"00031348261472850"}}