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Nicotinic acid is the best available medication to elevate high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and this appears beneficial for cardiovascular risk. The major problem with nicotinic acid is that many patients do not tolerate the associated flushing. Laropiprant decreases this flushing and has an approval in Europe but not in the United States. The most potent medications for increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors. The initial drug in this class, torcetrapib, was eliminated by excess cardiovascular problems. Two newer cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors, R1658 and anacetrapib, initially appear promising. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol may play an important role in improving cardiovascular risk in the 60% of patients who do not receive cardiovascular mortality\/morbidity benefit from low-density lipoproteins reduction by statins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319709331392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]],"date-time":"2009-02-24T22:49:07Z","timestamp":1235515747000},"page":"644-649","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: Current Perspective for Clinicians"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Thomas F.","family":"Whayne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0003319709331392","first-page":"5A","volume":"4","author":"Castelli W.P.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol."},{"key":"bibr2-0003319709331392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90566-5"},{"key":"bibr3-0003319709331392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511163332001"},{"key":"bibr4-0003319709331392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.20.1615"},{"key":"bibr5-0003319709331392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa064278"},{"key":"bibr6-0003319709331392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67667-2"},{"key":"bibr7-0003319709331392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410050061031"},{"key":"bibr8-0003319709331392","unstructured":"OlssonA. 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