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All patients received a chitosan derived from fungal mycelium (Xantonet, Bromatech, Italy) at a fixed dose of 125 mg\/d in addition to their current medications for 4 months. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to measure low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclasses. After treatment, total cholesterol reduced by 8%, LDL cholesterol by 2%, and triglycerides by 19%, with a concomitant 14% increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We also found a beneficial effect of chitosan on LDL subclasses, with a significant increase in LDL-2 particles (from 37 \u00b1 8% to 47 \u00b1 8%, P = .0001) and a decrease (although not significant) in atherogenic small, dense LDL. 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