{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:15:12Z","timestamp":1791101712638,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]],"date-time":"1995-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":788918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Angiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is usually made easily from a careful history, the assessment of RP severity is difficult, for the vasopastic attacks are not easily induced under experimental conditions. In this study, the laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) technique was used to quantify digital blood flow, which was standardized by body cooling and warming in patients with RP. Twenty-one healthy subjects and 56 RP patients were studied: 7 had primary RP, 22 had suspected secondary Raynaud's syndrome (susp RS), and 27 had systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated secondary Raynaud's syndrome (SSc RS). The inherent variability in the acral cutaneous circulation was minimized by whole-body warming and cooling. Digital blood flow values at environmental temperatures of 40\u00b0C, 12\u00b0C, and after rewarming, to 40\u00b0C were recorded, as was the time taken for blood flow to reach 25%, 50%, and 75% of the full effects of whole-body cooling and rewarming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Patients with primary RP and susp RS had normal blood flow values at ambient temperatures of 40\u00b0C, 12\u00b0C, and after rewarming to 40\u00b0C when compared with controls, but they had significantly faster vasoconstrictor responses to whole-body cooling, suggesting a heightened sympathetic activity. Additionally, they had slower vasodilator responses with longer 25%\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    response time to whole-body rewarming. Patients with SSc RS had significantly lower blood flow values at 40\u00b0C after initial warming and following subsequent rewarming, and despite a normal vasoconstrictor response to cooling, it took longer for them to vasodilate during rewarming, suggesting that poor digital blood flow in these patients may be more related to digital vasculature abnormalities and not an increase in sympathetic activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In conclusion, our assessment technique can be used to quantify digital blood flow in patients with RP and may be potentially useful in the investigation of the etiologic role of the sympathetic nervous system in RP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000331979504600101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,28]],"date-time":"2008-07-28T17:57:07Z","timestamp":1217267827000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Digital Blood Flow Response to Body Warming, Cooling, and Rewarming in Patients with Raynaud's Phenomenon"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"C.S.","family":"Lau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Medicine Section, The University Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular Surgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.J.F.","family":"Belch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"On local asphyxia and symmetrical gangrene of the extremities and new researches on the nature and treatment of local asphyxia of the extremities","author":"Raynaud M.","year":"1888"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"7","volume":"15","author":"Lewis T.","year":"1929","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"575","volume":"17","author":"Peacock JH","year":"1958","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Coffman JD: Diagnosis of primary Raynaud's disease. In: Raynaud's Phenomenon . New York: Oxford University Press , 1989, pp 58-70."},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Laser Doppler Blood Flowmetry","author":"Shepherd AP","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2083-9"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1980.326686"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00332555"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Norusis MJ: One way analysis of variance: Procedure oneway. In: SPSS\/PC + V2.0 Base Manual. SPSS International, Inc, 1988, B152-163."},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Taylor W., Brammer AJ: Vibration effects on the hand and arm in industry: An introduction and review . In: Vibration Effects on the Hand and Arm in Industry , ed by Brammer AJ, Taylor W. New York: John Wiley , 1982, pp 1-2."},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1988.tb05276.x"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"145","volume":"10","author":"Khan F.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Microcirc\u2014Clin Exp"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0420243"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.44.2.254"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198011000-00001"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003693308703200106"},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"Lau CS: Haemostatic abnormalities in Raynaud's phenomenon. Haemostatic abnormalities in Raynaud's phenomenon and the potential for treatment with manipulation of the ararchidonic acid pathway, M.D. thesis, University of Dundee, Scotland, pp 123-185."},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1962.10663291"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"170","volume":"11","author":"Pykko I.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"Khan F.: Skin vascular responses and thermoregulation in the elderly. The sympathetic control of skin blood flow and its relevance to thermoregulation in the elderly , Ph.D. thesis, University of Dundee, Scotland, pp 156-211."},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6124.1379"}],"container-title":["Angiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000331979504600101","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000331979504600101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:15:57Z","timestamp":1777371357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/000331979504600101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/000331979504600101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000331979504600101","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3197","1940-1574"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3197","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-1574","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}}}