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Experiments addressing the effects of tracheostomy tube occlusion during the swallow have looked at the presence and severity of aspiration, but few have included measurements that capture the changes in swallowing physiology. Also, hypotheses for the importance of near-normal subglottic air pressure during the swallow have not been offered to date. As such, the aim of this study was to compare the depth of laryngeal penetration, bolus speed, and duration of pharyngeal muscle contraction during the swallow in individuals with tracheostomy tubes while their tubes were open and closed. The results of this series of experiments indicate that within the same tracheostomized patient, pharyngeal swallowing physiology is measurably different in the absence of subglottic air pressure (open tube) as compared to the closed tube condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940311200207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T14:40:52Z","timestamp":1412347252000},"page":"143-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Physiologic Effects of Open and Closed Tracheostomy Tubes on the Pharyngeal Swallow"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Roxann Diez","family":"Gross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Mahlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith P.","family":"Grayhack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-000348940311200207","first-page":"68","volume":"136","author":"Cameron JL","year":"1973","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"bibr2-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199602000-00024"},{"key":"bibr3-000348940311200207","first-page":"133","volume":"111","author":"Gross RD","year":"1994","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"bibr4-000348940311200207","first-page":"868","volume-title":"Cancer of the head and neck","author":"Gross RD","year":"1996","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr5-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949610500401"},{"key":"bibr6-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197107010-00005"},{"key":"bibr7-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31992-7"},{"key":"bibr8-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2880170405"},{"key":"bibr9-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-0709(89)90009-4"},{"key":"bibr10-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90682-7"},{"key":"bibr11-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90413-7"},{"key":"bibr12-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31495-X"},{"key":"bibr13-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhl.2000.106941"},{"key":"bibr14-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004550000029"},{"key":"bibr15-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(66)90951-2"},{"key":"bibr16-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948709600516"},{"key":"bibr17-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199012000-00004"},{"key":"bibr18-000348940311200207","first-page":"403","volume":"77","author":"Sasaki CT","year":"1973","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"bibr19-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197709000-00003"},{"key":"bibr20-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198710000-00012"},{"key":"bibr21-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2880160105"},{"key":"bibr22-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0347(199801)20:1<52::AID-HED8>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"bibr23-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00009590"},{"key":"bibr24-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000264174"},{"key":"bibr25-000348940311200207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000263784"},{"key":"bibr26-000348940311200207","unstructured":"Widdicombe J. 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