{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:16:57Z","timestamp":1777421817825,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]],"date-time":"2005-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recruitment of macrophages is essential to the pathogenesis of nasal polyps (NP), since this disease is inflammation-related. In this study, the effects of tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) on the expression of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in fibroblasts derived from nasal polyps (NPFs) were investigated. The roles of cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 and prostaglandins in the mediation of TNF-\u03b1\u2013stimulated CCL2 gene expression were also investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Northern blot analysis was used to study the expression of CCL2 and c-Fos in cultured NPFs. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to explore the interactions between activator protein 1 (AP-1) and DNA. Immunohistochemistry was used to explore the in vivo expressions of COX-2, CCL2, and CD68 in NPs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Northern blot analysis showed that TNF-\u03b1 stimulated the expression of CCL2 and COX-2 genes, and the synthesis of CCL2 messenger RNA was COX-2-dependent. A transient elevation of c-Fos and c-Jun messenger RNAs was induced by TNF-\u03b1, whereas COX-2 inhibitors NS-398 and meloxicam abolished the up-regulation of c-Fos. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that TNF-\u03b1 triggered AP-1 and DNA binding and again, NS-398 and meloxicam inhibited this reaction via reducing c-Fos synthesis. Curcumin (AP-1 inhibitor) markedly suppressed the TNF-\u03b1\u2013induced CCL2 expression. The immunohistochemical staining of NP surgical specimens also revealed an intimate alignment between CCL2-positive fibroblasts and CD-68-positive macrophages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data suggest that NPFs may contribute to NP development by synthesizing CCL2 to promote macrophage recruitment. Furthermore, COX-2 facilitates CCL2 transcription in NPFs via a c-Fos and AP-1 signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940511401112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T14:40:52Z","timestamp":1412347252000},"page":"879-885","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["C-C Chemokine Ligand 2 Gene Expression in Nasal Polyp Fibroblasts: Possible Implication in the Pathogenesis of Nasal Polyposis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Chia-Tung","family":"Shun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sze-Kwan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Yuan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang-Heng","family":"Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-Hsiang","family":"Juan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Chiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Che","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Ming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-0709(94)90056-6"},{"key":"bibr2-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949810700807"},{"key":"bibr3-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489609137897"},{"key":"bibr4-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(98)70209-8"},{"key":"bibr5-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.8.945"},{"key":"bibr6-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.09.040191.003153"},{"key":"bibr7-000348940511401112","first-page":"1711","volume":"150","author":"Volejnikova S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bibr8-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1357-4310(96)88772-7"},{"key":"bibr9-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200007000-00022"},{"key":"bibr10-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940111001209"},{"key":"bibr11-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)43731-3","volume":"255","author":"Hemler ME","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bibr12-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.25.12013"},{"key":"bibr13-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200103000-00012"},{"key":"bibr14-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.6.3071","volume":"161","author":"Zhang Y","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bibr15-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000072820.07472.3B"},{"key":"bibr16-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.3.1701","volume":"162","author":"Janabi N","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bibr17-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20058"},{"key":"bibr18-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01108.x"},{"key":"bibr19-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cbir.1995.1072"},{"key":"bibr20-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93185-C"},{"key":"bibr21-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(97)80068-3"},{"key":"bibr22-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.9.3720"},{"key":"bibr23-000348940511401112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204239"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; 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