{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T15:00:44Z","timestamp":1778079644988,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue base has a poor prognosis, and treatment is accompanied by a number of major problems. In view of this, it is important to recognize which patients will benefit from treatment with curative intent and which treatment method to use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred sixty-five patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue base were identified on our database. Eighty-two patients were treated by radical irradiation, and 41 by surgery. A further 42 patients were considered unsuitable for curative treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 5-year cause-specific survival rate was 41% for those treated by irradiation, 58% for those treated by surgery, and 9% for untreated patients. There was no difference in the efficacy of treatment methods (p = .5362), but a highly significant difference was seen in survival rate between treated and untreated patients (p = .0028). The decision regarding administration of curative treatment was based on the extent of locoregional involvement at the primary site (p = .0139; odds ratio, 0.43) and in the neck (p = .0078; odds ratio, 0.23). No factors affected the decision to treat by irradiation or surgery. When the observed survival rate was calculated, there was no significant difference in 5-year survival rate between treated and untreated patients (p = .2762). Those with early (T1-2) disease at the primary site had an improved survival rate from 0.5 to 4 years compared with those who were untreated (T3-4; p = .0081; odds ratio, 2.2). In addition, those with early (T1-2) disease had a better survival rate than those with advanced cancers (p = .0139; odds ratio, 2.09). There was, however, no difference in survival rate at 5 years. Those with early disease compared with those with advanced disease were twice as likely to be alive at 2 years; however, all survival advantages had disappeared by 5 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In terms of observed survival, treating tongue base squamous cell carcinoma that is locally advanced (T3-4) at presentation offers no survival advantage over palliation alone. Treating early disease (T1-2) doubles the survival rate for up to 4 years, but by 5 years this survival advantage is lost. The present study finds radiotherapy and surgery to be equivalent at controlling this disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940711600203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T14:40:52Z","timestamp":1412347252000},"page":"92-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue Base: Irradiation, Surgery, or Palliation?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Rafferty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Fenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terence M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Husband","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-000348940711600203","volume-title":"UICC TNM classification in malignant tumours","author":"Hermanek P","year":"1992","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr2-000348940711600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1994.tb01150.x"},{"key":"bibr3-000348940711600203","first-page":"333","volume":"1","author":"Verbin RS","year":"1985","journal-title":"Surg Pathol Head Neck"},{"key":"bibr4-000348940711600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00179299"},{"key":"bibr5-000348940711600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(84)90368-4"},{"key":"bibr6-000348940711600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1992.tb01054.x"},{"key":"bibr7-000348940711600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200307000-00026"},{"key":"bibr8-000348940711600203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100091453"},{"key":"bibr9-000348940711600203","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Manual for staging of cancer (AJC)","author":"Beahrs OH","year":"1988","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr10-000348940711600203","volume-title":"Head and neck surgery","author":"Stell PM","year":"1980","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr11-000348940711600203","volume-title":"Users guide: Statistics version","author":"SAS Institute Inc","year":"1985","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr12-000348940711600203","first-page":"421","volume-title":"Statistical methods in medical research","author":"Armitage P","year":"1987","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr13-000348940711600203","unstructured":"Kalbfleisch JD, Prentice RL. 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