{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:13:47Z","timestamp":1792059227560,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We undertook to identify data that facilitate determination of an accurate diagnosis of the cause of stridor in infants and to develop a framework to conceptualize the problem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed medical records of patients less than 1 year of age with the presenting symptom of stridor who were initially evaluated in the outpatient setting of a tertiary children's hospital. Infants with obvious congenital syndromes, cerebral palsy, or hypotonia were excluded. All infants underwent history-taking, physical examination, and when symptoms were mild, office flexible laryngoscopy. With moderate or severe stridor, a more complete endoscopic evaluation was undertaken in the operating room.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 202 patients, 119 (59%) were boys and 83 (41%) were girls. Their ages ranged from 3 days to 11 months; 175 (87%) were 6 months of age or younger. Congenital anomalies were diagnosed as the cause of stridor in 170 (84%). Congenital laryngeal anomalies caused stridor in 157 (78%); congenital tracheal abnormalities were the cause in 13 (6%). The most common congenital laryngeal anomaly was laryngomalacia (94%). Forty-two (21%) of the 202 patients had at least 1 other anomaly that contributed to airway compromise. Half of all patients had laryngopharyngeal reflux, the most common associated condition. Of patients referred with a presumptive diagnosis by non-otolaryngologists, 28 of 94 (30%) were referred with erroneous presumptive diagnoses for which they were being treated, the most common of which was tracheomalacia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A standard, rational approach to the evaluation of stridor in infants facilitates management. A framework for evaluation is presented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940711600503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T14:40:52Z","timestamp":1412347252000},"page":"329-334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Etiology of Stridor in Infants"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Zoumalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Maddalozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren D.","family":"Holinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-000348940711600503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949410300410"},{"key":"bibr2-000348940711600503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199803000-00017"},{"key":"bibr3-000348940711600503","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Pediatric laryngology and bronchoesophagology","author":"Holinger LD","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr4-000348940711600503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948008900502"},{"key":"bibr5-000348940711600503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198903000-00023","volume":"99","author":"Holinger LD","year":"1989","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"bibr6-000348940711600503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(96)01454-1"},{"key":"bibr7-000348940711600503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940411300613"},{"key":"bibr8-000348940711600503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940511400205"},{"key":"bibr9-000348940711600503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(99)70327-X"},{"key":"bibr10-000348940711600503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(01)00541-9"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000348940711600503","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000348940711600503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:17:48Z","timestamp":1777375068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/000348940711600503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/000348940711600503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348940711600503","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4894","1943-572X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4894","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-572X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]}}}