{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:30:03Z","timestamp":1777422603110,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to provide the anatomic rationale for a transnasal approach to the orbital apex and cavernous sinus, and to evaluate its applicability and efficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred patients with lesions of the orbital apex, cavernous sinus, optic nerve, clivus, parapharyngeal space, infratemporal fossa, or pterygopalatine fossa were reviewed over a 10-year period. All patients underwent an endoscopic transnasal approach to the orbital apex and cavernous sinus. The surgical technique required a standard endoscopic sinus surgery set. The possible complications were recorded and classified as intraoperative or postoperative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were complications in 8 cases: 4 intraoperative and 4 postoperative. The intraoperative complications included rupture of the internal carotid artery in 1 patient and cerebrospinal fluid leak in 3 patients. All intraoperative complications were resolved during surgery. The postoperative complications were transitory eyelid ptosis in 2 patients (resolved in 6 months) and transitory diplopia with immediate deficit of the medial rectus muscle in 2 patients (completely resolved in 1 month).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With the use of this technique, the surgeon can precisely identify the position of the surgical instrument without losing his or her way, thereby significantly reducing the rate of complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941312200407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,18]],"date-time":"2015-08-18T06:18:44Z","timestamp":1439878724000},"page":"254-262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Transnasal Approach to the Orbital Apex and Cavernous Sinus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Felippu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renzo","family":"Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Guastini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Peretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181b59d0e","volume":"25","author":"Murchison AP","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"bibr2-000348941312200407","first-page":"354","volume":"49","author":"Alfieri A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"bibr3-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2010.543004"},{"key":"bibr4-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.133.8.780"},{"key":"bibr5-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3170"},{"key":"bibr6-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.02.042"},{"key":"bibr7-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21357"},{"key":"bibr8-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181b0dc23"},{"key":"bibr9-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.19.5.5","volume":"19","author":"Kassam A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"bibr10-000348941312200407","first-page":"2","volume":"44","author":"Castelnuovo P","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"bibr11-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941112000905"},{"key":"bibr12-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(03)00062-0"},{"key":"bibr13-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.80123"},{"key":"bibr14-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941011900914"},{"key":"bibr15-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iop.0000169254.44642.3d"},{"key":"bibr16-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1263106"},{"key":"bibr17-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0651-3"},{"key":"bibr18-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1104567"},{"key":"bibr19-000348941312200407","first-page":"116","volume":"46","author":"Tschopp KP","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"bibr20-000348941312200407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1726-4901(09)70323-5"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; 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