{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T19:35:38Z","timestamp":1791660938811,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The objective is to present clinical outcomes of subglottic and tracheal stenosis treated by flexible bronchoscopic delivery of carbon dioxide (CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) laser via laryngeal mask airway (LMA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All consecutive, nontracheotomy dependent cases of subglottic and tracheal stenosis treated endoscopically over a 4-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical approach consisted of radial incisions using a flexible fiber-based CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser, balloon dilation, and topical application of mitomycin C. Ventilation during the procedure occurred through the LMA, and the CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser fiber was delivered through the working channel of a flexible bronchoscope passed through the LMA. Number of dilations, period between dilations, and operative times were reviewed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven patients who underwent airway intervention during the study period were identified. Average follow-up was 28 months. Etiologies of airway stenosis included intubation injury (6), idiopathic (4), or autoimmune disease (1), requiring an average of 1.3, 1.5, and 3 dilations, respectively. Average operative time was 67 minutes. Autoimmune etiology correlated with more frequent dilations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LMA is an effective way to manage ventilation while simultaneously allowing unencumbered flexible bronchoscopic access for laser surgery, balloon dilation, and mitomycin C application for airway stenosis. Long-term success in treating stenosis is achievable using this technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489414525340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T13:40:59Z","timestamp":1395841259000},"page":"293-298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Airway Management and Endoscopic Treatment of Subglottic and Tracheal Stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Nopawan","family":"Vorasubin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darshni","family":"Vira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nausheen","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh K.","family":"Chhetri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1010-7940(88)90043-7"},{"key":"bibr2-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(95)70279-2"},{"key":"bibr3-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948709600609"},{"key":"bibr4-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947208100606"},{"key":"bibr5-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21915"},{"key":"bibr6-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1987.01860030090016"},{"key":"bibr7-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988108900214"},{"key":"bibr8-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948209100412"},{"key":"bibr9-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20056"},{"key":"bibr10-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318179247a"},{"key":"bibr11-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949410300410"},{"key":"bibr12-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2011.01.001"},{"key":"bibr13-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-010-1312-1"},{"key":"bibr14-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318298a692"},{"key":"bibr15-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000235934.27964.88"},{"key":"bibr16-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940111000101"},{"key":"bibr17-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940211100806"},{"key":"bibr18-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/82.2.291"},{"key":"bibr19-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9402200609"},{"key":"bibr20-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940511400206"},{"key":"bibr21-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000186657.62474.88"},{"key":"bibr22-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199212000-00005"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr23-0003489414525340","first-page":"1017","volume":"30","author":"Hoffman GS","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr24-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2007.48.5.748"},{"key":"bibr25-0003489414525340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215042450670"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; 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