{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:28:34Z","timestamp":1777426114392,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,4]],"date-time":"2015-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate if nebulized 4% lidocaine alone provides adequate laryngopharyngeal anesthesia for office-based diagnostic transnasal tracheoscopy (TNT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective chart review (January 2011 to June 2014) and a prospective case series (July 2014 to December 2014) of patients who underwent diagnostic TNT were performed at a university voice and swallowing center. TNT cases were categorized by method of topical laryngopharyngeal anesthesia: nebulized 4% lidocaine and 4% lidocaine drip (phase I) and nebulized 4% lidocaine only (phase II).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TNT was performed a total of 59 times on 38 patients. Eleven (69%) of 16 phase I TNT procedures involved significant patient discomfort and severe cough following the lidocaine drip. Forty-two (98%) of 43 phase II TNT procedures were completed comfortably; 1 case required additional anesthesia by lidocaine drip. Retrospectively, 100% (n = 8) of patients who underwent both phase I and phase II TNTs were noted to prefer anesthesia with nebulizer alone. In a prospective case series of 14 phase II TNT cases, 6 (86%) of 7 patients who previously underwent phase I TNT reported preference for anesthesia with nebulizer alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nebulized lidocaine appears to provide sufficient laryngopharyngeal anesthesia for diagnostic TNT. It is preferred by patients over laryngeal drip.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489415570929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,5]],"date-time":"2015-02-05T00:26:51Z","timestamp":1423096011000},"page":"545-549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Is Nebulized Lidocaine Adequate Topical Anesthesia for Diagnostic Transnasal Tracheoscopy?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Giriraj K.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Voice and Swallowing Center, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil P.","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Voice and Swallowing Center, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.6.1900"},{"key":"bibr2-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130408301208","volume":"83","author":"Postma GN","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ear, Nose, Throat J"},{"key":"bibr3-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20712"},{"key":"bibr4-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000250898.82268.39"},{"key":"bibr5-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200203000-00027"},{"key":"bibr6-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/DTE.1.57"},{"key":"bibr7-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.01.019"},{"key":"bibr8-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940711600108"},{"key":"bibr9-0003489415570929","first-page":"10","volume":"83","author":"Amin MR","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ear, Nose, Throat J"},{"key":"bibr10-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23221"},{"key":"bibr11-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2009.204"},{"key":"bibr12-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.8.847"},{"key":"bibr13-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31806009e6"},{"key":"bibr14-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199907000-00032"},{"key":"bibr15-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22185"},{"key":"bibr16-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03018854"},{"key":"bibr17-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-197904040-00001"},{"key":"bibr18-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-197803030-00001"},{"key":"bibr19-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2012.08.014"},{"key":"bibr20-0003489415570929","volume-title":"Introduction to Anesthesia","author":"Longnecker D","year":"1996","edition":"9"},{"key":"bibr21-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-06959-8.00030-3"},{"key":"bibr22-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.37.1.68"},{"key":"bibr23-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-8180(92)90139-R"},{"key":"bibr24-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.71.3.346"},{"key":"bibr25-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8180(01)00298-7"},{"key":"bibr26-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1975.tb00952.x"},{"key":"bibr27-0003489415570929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197510000-00019"},{"key":"bibr28-0003489415570929","first-page":"150","volume":"25","author":"Benumof JL","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Anesthesiol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; 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