{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:27:15Z","timestamp":1777620435906,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n Complete separation of upper and lower respiratory tract after total laryngectomy results in loss of physiological nasal functions and presence of \u201cunconditioned\u201d inspired air in lower airways. Aim of this study is evaluating the presence of a microbial colonization of nasal cavities and trachea in laryngectomized long-term survivors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Twenty-five laryngectomized patients underwent symptoms\u2019 anamnestic evaluation, endoscopic fiber optic nasal and tracheal examination, specimen collection for microbiological exam, and culture. Enrolled patients had at least a 2-year follow-up period in order to evaluate long-term microflora.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Gram positive polimicrobic flora represented the main finding in nasal cavities and trachea (92% and 48% of patients, respectively). Other bacteria were non-fermenters Gram negative bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus. The same microflora was demonstrated in nasal cavity and trachea in 5 patients (20%), while sterile nasal cavity and trachea were seen in 3 (12%) and 4 (16%) cases, respectively. No fungi were observed in nasal cavity and trachea.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Nasal cavities and trachea of laryngectomized patients are colonized by nonpathogenic and\/or potentially pathogenic bacteria, in absence of signs and symptoms of infection. Colonizer microflora should be kept in mind when a culture from nasal or tracheal swabs is needed in daily practice.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489415613802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T20:44:30Z","timestamp":1446583470000},"page":"336-341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nasal and Tracheal Microbial Colonization in Laryngectomized Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Riva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1st ENT Division, Surgical Sciences Department, University of Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Garzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st ENT Division, Surgical Sciences Department, University of Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Zaccaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology, Laboratory Diagnostics Department, University of Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Peruzzetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st ENT Division, Surgical Sciences Department, University of Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Cipriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology, Laboratory Diagnostics Department, University of Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Salonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st ENT Division, Surgical Sciences Department, University of Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Raimondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st ENT Division, Surgical Sciences Department, University of Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Boita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Science Department, University of Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Pecorari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st ENT Division, Surgical Sciences Department, University of Turin, 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