{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:34:21Z","timestamp":1777426461989,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484784000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Determine if the middle ear transmucosal nitrous oxide (N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O) exchange rate is affected by nasal inflammation caused by topical application of histamine.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, 20 adults were challenged intranasally with histamine (5 mg) and placebo on separate occasions. At each session, the subjects were fitted with a non-rebreathing mask and breathed room air for 20 minutes, 50% N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O:50% O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      for 20 minutes, and 100% O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      for 10 minutes. Throughout, heart rate, blood pressure, and blood O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      saturation were monitored, and bilateral middle ear pressure was recorded by tympanometry every minute. The primary outcome measure was the slope of the middle ear pressure-time function for the 50% N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O:50% O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      breathing period, which is a measure of the transmucosal N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O exchange-constant. The effects of challenge substance, session, and period on the measured vital signs and of treatment, session, ear disease history, and test ear on the pressure-time slopes were evaluated using repeated measures ANOVAs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The post-challenge total symptom score and the slope of the middle ear pressure-time function were greater after histamine when compared to placebo challenge. Of the signs, only heart rate was affected, responding to challenge substance and study period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The transmucosal N\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O exchange rate for the middle ear is increased during inflammation caused by nasal histamine exposure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489416689470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,21]],"date-time":"2017-01-21T12:26:58Z","timestamp":1485001618000},"page":"284-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Histamine Applied Topically to the Nasal Mucosa Increases the Transmucosal Nitrous Oxide Exchange for the Middle Ear"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Miriam S.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine of the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuneyt M.","family":"Alper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine of the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian S.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine of the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 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