{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T12:30:39Z","timestamp":1785501039210,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate associations between age, external auditory canal (EAC) dimensions, and cerumen retention\/impaction among persons with Down syndrome (DS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study evaluated EAC dimensions, cerumen retention\/impaction, and middle ear status with pneumatoscopy after extraction in 130 persons with DS. Descriptive and inferential statistics correlated age, presence of impacted\/retained cerumen, and EAC diameter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 260 ears in 67 males and 63 females with average age of 9.48 years, 72.3% (188) had EAC of \u22644 mm. Those \u22641 year were 4.97 times more likely to have cerumen problems than those &gt;1 year (95% CI, 1.45-17.02, P = .011). The odds of having cerumen problems with an EAC diameter of \u22644 mm were 3.31 times higher than with a diameter of 5 mm (95% CI, 1.46-7.50, P = .004), and odds of having cerumen impaction were as much as 6.19 times higher (95% CI, 2.38-16.08, P &lt; .001). Male gender and low-lying external ear were also associated with increased odds of cerumen problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a high prevalence of cerumen retention\/impaction in persons with DS compared to the general Philippine population and a higher prevalence rate for EAC stenosis than elsewhere. A canal diameter of 4 mm and below and age 1 year or less are associated with a significantly higher likelihood of cerumen retention\/impaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489418756678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,10]],"date-time":"2018-02-10T01:51:47Z","timestamp":1518227507000},"page":"253-257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["External Auditory Canal Dimensions, Age, and Cerumen Retention or Impaction in Persons With Down Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Alexander Edward S.","family":"Dy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5794-1878","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Jos\u00e9 Florencio F.","family":"Lape\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine-Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0003489418756678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.03.012"},{"key":"bibr2-0003489418756678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30095"},{"key":"bibr3-0003489418756678","volume-title":"Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables","author":"Long JS.","year":"1997"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr4-0003489418756678","first-page":"568","volume":"97","author":"Crandell CC","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Ment Retard"},{"key":"bibr5-0003489418756678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.06.026"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr6-0003489418756678","first-page":"131","volume":"7","author":"Wi ZT","year":"1992","journal-title":"Philipp J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"bibr7-0003489418756678","first-page":"603","volume":"3","author":"Perez AB.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Philipp J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"bibr8-0003489418756678","first-page":"5","volume":"3","author":"Somera RAC","year":"2000","journal-title":"UERMMMC Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"bibr9-0003489418756678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2015.01.008"},{"key":"bibr10-0003489418756678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.10.019"},{"key":"bibr11-0003489418756678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199006000-00004"},{"key":"bibr12-0003489418756678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1978.00790110042011"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr13-0003489418756678","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198110000-00001","volume":"91","author":"Strome M.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"bibr14-0003489418756678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(99)00117-2"},{"key":"bibr15-0003489418756678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181d4ecc1"},{"key":"bibr16-0003489418756678","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2563-4"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0003489418756678","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0003489418756678","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0003489418756678","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:31:55Z","timestamp":1777375915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0003489418756678"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0003489418756678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0003489418756678","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4894","1943-572X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4894","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-572X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]}}}