{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:13:12Z","timestamp":1784563992810,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to begin to measure the prevalence of elevated hearing thresholds in Ethiopia, with audiometric equipment, including bone oscillators and tympanometers. To that end Ethiopian nationals were trained in audiometric techniques to obtain sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and conductive hearing loss (CHL) rates in school age children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five mainstreamed public grade schools in northern Ethiopia were the sites for audiometry campaigns examining 1351 children and testing them with behavioral audiometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven percent of students had SNHL\u2009&gt;\u200920\u2009dB in at least 1 frequency in at least 1 ear, and 0.6% of ears had SNHL\u2009&gt;\u200950\u2009dB. Eighteen percent8% of students had CHL\u2009&gt;\u200920\u2009dB in 1 or both ears. The frequency with the highest incidence of elevated pure tone thresholds was at 8000\u2009Hz. Seven percent of students had an air bone gap at 2000 and\/or 4000\u2009Hz of at least 15\u2009dB. Air bone gap is not obtained at 8000\u2009Hz. There were 22\u2009perforated tympanic membranes in 17 children (0.8% of tympanic membranes, 1% of students).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study gives a baseline for the prevalence of hearing loss in school age children in mainstreamed northern Ethiopian schools. It is the first of its kind and perhaps can help in estimated hearing health needs there.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489420967708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T05:24:12Z","timestamp":1604035452000},"page":"712-717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence of Hearing Loss, and Middle Ear Disease in 1351 School Age Children in Mekelle, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Betelhem","family":"Birhanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abel","family":"Shimeles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordic Medical Center, Director of Audiology Education, Ethio-American Hearing Project NFP, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filmawit","family":"Gebremeskel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Cager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology and Hearing Sciences, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5228-535X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Redleaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312120919240."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12640."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"753","article-title":"Cross-sectional survey of hearing impairment and ear disease in Uganda","volume":"37","author":"Westerberg BD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Westerberg BD, Lee PK, Lukwago L, Zaramba S, Bubikere S, Stewart I. Cross-sectional survey of hearing impairment and ear disease in Uganda. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008; 37(6):753-758.","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2020.1739764."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188950."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/sajcd.v66i1.611."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11020233."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25486."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4077-2."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.04.050."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2375-4427.1000187."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.16002."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000223."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03005368309107883."}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0003489420967708","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0003489420967708","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0003489420967708","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:34:16Z","timestamp":1777376056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0003489420967708"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0003489420967708"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0003489420967708","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4894","1943-572X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4894","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-572X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]}}}