{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:53:33Z","timestamp":1777427613705,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fireworks are used commonly for celebrations in the United States, but can lead to severe injury to the head and neck. We aim to assess the incidence, types, and mechanisms of head and neck injuries associated with fireworks use from 2010 to 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cross-sectional study, using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, of individuals presenting to United States Emergency Departments with head and neck injuries caused by fireworks and flares from 2010 to 2019. Incidence, types, and mechanisms of injury related to fireworks use in the US population were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 541 patients (349 [64.5%] male, and 294 [54%] under 18\u2009years of age) presented to emergency departments with fireworks-related head and neck injuries; the estimated national total was 20\u2009584 patients (13\u2009279 male, 9170 white, and 11\u2009186 under 18\u2009years of age). The most common injury diagnoses were burns (44.7% of injuries), laceration\/avulsion\/penetrating trauma (21.1%), and otologic injury (15.2%), which included hearing loss, otalgia, tinnitus, unspecified acoustic trauma, and tympanic membrane perforation. The remaining 19% of injuries were a mix, including contusion, abrasion, hematoma, fracture, and closed head injury. Associations between fireworks type and injury diagnosis (chi-square P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), as well as fireworks type by age group (chi-square P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) were found. Similarly, associations were found between age groups and injury diagnoses (chi-square P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001); these included children 5\u2009years and younger and adults older than 30\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fireworks-related head and neck injuries are more likely to occur in young, white, and male individuals. Burns are the most common injury, while otologic injury is a significant contributor. Annual rates of fireworks-related head and neck injuries have not changed or improved significantly in the United States in the past decade, suggesting efforts to identify and prevent these injuries are insufficient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894211008100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T06:09:14Z","timestamp":1617948554000},"page":"1369-1377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Feel the Burn! Fireworks-related Otolaryngologic Trauma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9967-546X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Straughan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1776-1730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke J.","family":"Pasick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6743-8395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vrinda","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Benito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2290-0571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip E.","family":"Zapanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.06.024"},{"key":"bibr2-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2018.07.011"},{"key":"bibr3-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.34.5.2"},{"key":"bibr4-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2011.09.010"},{"key":"bibr5-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2013.06.007"},{"key":"bibr6-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2007.12.080"},{"key":"bibr7-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1566164"},{"key":"bibr8-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4179(95)90782-U"},{"key":"bibr9-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2010.02057.x"},{"key":"bibr10-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-002-0451-4"},{"key":"bibr11-00034894211008100","unstructured":"Tu Y, Ng J. 2018 fireworks annual report fireworks-related deaths, emergency department-treated injuries, and enforcement activities during 2018. 2019, Accessed June 11, 2020. https:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/s3fs-public\/Fireworks_Report_2018.pdf"},{"key":"bibr12-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-017-1580-z"},{"key":"bibr13-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31829aca1f"},{"key":"bibr14-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.163080"},{"key":"bibr15-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3180690237"},{"key":"bibr16-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.06.074"},{"key":"bibr17-00034894211008100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199211000-00030"},{"key":"bibr18-00034894211008100","unstructured":"Tadisina KK, Abcarian A, Omi E. 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