{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:57:32Z","timestamp":1777427852480,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction\/Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Historically, myringotomy, and the insertion of tympanostomy tubes has served as one of the initial surgical training experiences for residents. Resident experience with this procedure since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has not been well described in the literature. The objective of this study was to identify trends in resident training experience with chronic otitis media-related surgeries, such as myringotomy and tympanostomy tube placement. While multiple factors influence resident experience, we hypothesize that resident experience has decreased since the introduction of the pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Materials:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a retrospective review of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) National Data Reports, mean number of myringotomy and tympanostomy tube cases logged in the Resident Case Log System from 2006 to 2019 were collated and plotted against years to identify monotonic trends. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare pre-PCV13 era and post-PCV13 era data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Since the introduction of PCV13, there is a national decreasing trend in the myringotomy and tympanostomy tube placement by otolaryngology residents ( P\u2009=\u2009.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Otologic surgeries are an important part of resident education and historically have served as one of the initial surgical training experiences for residents. There has been a significant reduction in the number of myringotomy and tympanostomy procedures performed by otolaryngology residents in the past decade. While multiple factors influence resident experience, it is possible that introduction of PCV13 has impacted resident exposure to myringotomy and tympanostomy tube placement. Resident proficiency with this procedure has likely not been affected by introduction of PCV13. Data should be reassessed in 5\u2009years to determine if an impact of the PCV13 vaccine on resident training is evident.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894211047478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T06:38:30Z","timestamp":1632379110000},"page":"874-879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Downward Trend in Resident Myringotomy and Tympanostomy Tube Experience"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4928-967X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Dermody","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5313-645X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie Y.","family":"Johng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariel O.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonya","family":"Malekzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaeil","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Earl H.","family":"Harley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00034894211047478","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25746"},{"key":"bibr2-00034894211047478","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820917397"},{"key":"bibr3-00034894211047478","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813487302"},{"issue":"1074","key":"bibr4-00034894211047478","first-page":"25","volume":"42","author":"A pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for infants and children","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Lett Drugs Ther"},{"key":"bibr5-00034894211047478","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30168-8"},{"key":"bibr6-00034894211047478","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200003000-00003"},{"key":"bibr7-00034894211047478","first-page":"1","volume":"59","author":"Nuorti JP","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"bibr8-00034894211047478","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.3924"},{"key":"bibr9-00034894211047478","unstructured":"Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). 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