{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:45:23Z","timestamp":1788281123829,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea can experience significant sinonasal symptom burden, leading to poor quality of life (QOL). The objective of this study was to investigate sinonasal outcome test-22 (SNOT-22) scores in patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal surgery for spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea and compare them to patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multi-institutional retrospective review of patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea and CRSsNP was performed. Pre-surgery and post-surgery SNOT-22 scores and domains were compared within each group. Improvements in SNOT-22 scores after surgery were compared between the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-one patients were in the CSF rhinorrhea group and 105 patients were in the CRSsNP group. Within each group, surgery significantly improved total SNOT-22 scores, domain scores, and most of the individual symptoms. Comparing the 2 groups revealed similar improvements in total SNOT-22 scores ( P\u2009=\u2009.244). The CSF rhinorrhea group improved more in runny nose ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), postnasal discharge ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), wake up at night ( P\u2009=\u2009.024), and embarrassed ( P\u2009=\u2009.002). The CRSsNP group improved more in sneezing ( P\u2009=\u2009.027), nasal blockage ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), decreased sense of smell\/taste ( P\u2009=\u2009.011), thick nasal discharge ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), facial pain\/pressure ( P\u2009=\u2009.008), and the ear\/facial domain ( P\u2009=\u2009.010).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea experience significant symptom burden. Those who undergo CSF leak repair should experience significant improvement in QOL similar to patients who undergo ESS for CRSsNP as measured by SNOT-22.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894221133769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:12:51Z","timestamp":1668471171000},"page":"1077-1084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["SNOT-22 Quality of Life Scores Improve After Endoscopic Endonasal Repair of Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9114-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew Y.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford A.","family":"Woodworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alissa","family":"Kanaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9845-2165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William C.","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey Paul","family":"Radabaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Reed","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Goros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica W.","family":"Grayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5468-3324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip G.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 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