{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:26:47Z","timestamp":1777426007420,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 2\u2009\u00b5m-wavelength thulium laser is an effective cutter during partial arytenoidectomy, but thermal trauma can damage adjacent laryngeal tissue. Pulsing laser energy may reduce trauma when compared to continuous-wave cutting. This study measured temperature changes, thermal trauma, and time to complete partial arytenoidectomy, with and without pulsing, in an ex-vivo calf model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tissue temperature and time to complete a trans-cartilaginous cut were measured during partial arytenoidectomy on ex-vivo calf vocal folds (N\u2009=\u200924) using a thulium laser in continuous-wave (CW, N\u2009=\u200912) and pulsed-wave (PW, N\u2009=\u200912) modes. Energy was 5\u2009W for CW and PW cuts; pulse-widths were 250, 500, and 750\u2009ms. Thermal damage was analyzed histologically by measuring the depth of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inactivation perpendicular to the laser-cut edge at the vocal process. Paired t-tests compared CW and PW modes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Change in temperature was lower using CW (6.5\u00b0C) compared to PW modes (250\u2009ms\u2009=\u200918\u00b0; 500\u2009ms\u2009=\u200916\u00b0; 750\u2009=\u200919\u00b0; P\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Trans-cartilaginous cuts were completed faster using CW (37\u2009seconds) compared to PW (250\u2009ms\u2009=\u2009136\u2009seconds; 500\u2009ms\u2009=\u200961\u2009seconds; 750\u2009=\u200944\u2009seconds; P\u2009&lt;\u2009.05), and both modes delivered the same total Joules. The average depth of LDH depletion (thermal damage) was similar for all cuts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1. Thulium laser cuts in continuous-mode unexpectedly produced less tissue heating yet created similar thermal damage than pulsed-mode cuts during simulated partial arytenoidectomy. 2. Trans-cartilaginous cuts were completed significantly faster in continuous-mode as compared to pulsed-mode cutting. 3. Pulsing the thulium laser does not minimize thermal damage compared to continuous wave cutting during thulium laser-assisted partial arytenoidectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894231157648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T01:52:16Z","timestamp":1677203536000},"page":"1355-1360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Minimizing Thermal Damage During Thulium Laser-Assisted Partial Arytenoidectomy: Pulsed Versus Continuous Cutting in an Ex-Vivo Calf Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Erica","family":"Barnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James T.","family":"Heaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery - Harvard Medical School, Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Petrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery - Harvard Medical School, Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Purnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery - Harvard Medical School, Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0772-4429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery - Harvard Medical School, Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949310200201"},{"key":"bibr2-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002221503322112969"},{"key":"bibr3-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.2004.00779.x"},{"key":"bibr4-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2018.04.007"},{"key":"bibr5-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947208100606"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr6-00034894231157648","first-page":"560","volume":"3","author":"Strong MS.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Can J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"bibr7-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.1978.88.9.1399"},{"key":"bibr8-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940711601111"},{"key":"bibr9-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31816902bb"},{"key":"bibr10-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940611501206"},{"key":"bibr11-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.09.001"},{"key":"bibr12-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198707001-00001"},{"key":"bibr13-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900100602"},{"key":"bibr14-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949110000614"},{"key":"bibr15-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199809000-00004"},{"key":"bibr16-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940211100603"},{"key":"bibr17-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318064e869"},{"key":"bibr18-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100124764"},{"key":"bibr19-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198005000-00008"},{"key":"bibr20-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948109000207"},{"key":"bibr21-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941011901007"},{"key":"bibr22-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31817f18ca"},{"key":"bibr23-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200002001-00001"},{"key":"bibr24-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-003-0267-5"},{"key":"bibr25-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.18.11.118001"},{"key":"bibr26-00034894231157648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20567"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00034894231157648","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00034894231157648","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00034894231157648","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:30:28Z","timestamp":1777375828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00034894231157648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00034894231157648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00034894231157648","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4894","1943-572X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4894","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-572X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]}}}