{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T13:04:48Z","timestamp":1789218288114,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No gold standard has been developed for the therapy of intracanalicular vestibular schwannomas (IVS). Options for treatment include a conservative approach, microsurgery, or radiosurgery. Although the efficacy of these treatment has been well-documented, little is known about the determinants of outcome in IVSs following radiosurgery. Therefore, we examined the results in relation to age, gender, tumor volume, distance to fundus, microcyst existence, and radiosensitivity in this group. In addition, we investigated possible predictors of facial nerve function and hearing preservation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ninety-four patients with unilateral IVS were included in the evaluation (52 women and 42 males). The patients were separated into younger and older age groups based on their median age (55\u2009years). The median IVS volume was 138\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , microcysts were identified in 16 tumors, and 63 tumors were adjacent to the fundus. The data were analyzed using Statistica software package ver. 13.3.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At final follow-up, a statistically significant decrease in tumor volume and no statistically significant decline in hearing were noted, but no differences between age groups were found. The sex had no effect on overall tumor growth control, facial nerve preservation, or hearing preservation. Localization of IVS close to the fundus and the presence of tumor microcysts had no effect on the control of tumor growth, preservation of hearing, and sparing of facial nerve following radiosurgery. Cochlear dose had no influence on hearing preservation. Higher tumor volume was associated with its pseudoprogression during early follow-up and a greater risk of hearing loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age, sex, tumor volume, proximity to the fundus, and the existence of a microcyst were not predictive of radiosensitivity nor preservation of facial nerve function and hearing, based on the findings. There was no effect of cochlear dose on hearing. Initial greater tumor volume was associated with an increased probability of tumor pseudoprogression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894231169341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T03:15:56Z","timestamp":1682392556000},"page":"1564-1572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in the Treatment of Intracanalicular Vestibular Schwannomas Using Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Turek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brodnowski Masovian Hospital, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Dzierz\u0119cki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warsaw Gamma Knife Center, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Obierzy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brodnowski Masovian Hospital, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7033-6296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Rogala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brodnowski Masovian Hospital, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Z\u0105bek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Milewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bia\u0142ystok Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Kiprian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Cancer Department, Maria Sk\u0142odowska\u2014Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Zieli\u0144ska-Turek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miros\u0142aw","family":"Z\u0105bek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brodnowski Masovian Hospital, Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Warsaw Gamma Knife Center, Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, 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