{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:29:59Z","timestamp":1777426199525,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704844800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24 DC 015910"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 DC 015910"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24 DC 020855-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 DC 020855-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the role and distribution of various molecular markers using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to further elucidate and understand the pathogenesis of otosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Archival celloidin formalin-fixed 20-micron thick histologic sections from 7 patients diagnosed with otosclerosis were studied and compared to controls. Sections in the mid-modiolar region were immunoreacted with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against nidogen-1, \u03b22-laminin, collagen-IX, BSP, and monoclonal antibodies against TGF \u03b2-1 and ubiquitin. Digital images were acquired using a high-resolution light and laser confocal microscope.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nidogen-1, BSP, and collagen-IX were expressed in the otospongiotic regions, and to lesser extent, in the otosclerotic regions, the latter previously believed to be inactive. \u03b22-laminin and ubiquitin were uniformly expressed in both otospongiotic and otosclerotic regions. There was a basal level of expression of all of these markers in the normal hearing and sensorineural hearing loss specimens utilized as control. TGF \u03b2 -1, however, though present in the otosclerosis bones, was absent in the normal hearing and sensorineural hearing loss controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results propose that the activity and function of TGF-1 may play a key role in the development and pathogenesis of otosclerosis. Further studies utilizing a higher number of temporal bone specimens will be helpful for future analysis and to help decipher its role as a potential target in therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894231225134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T05:08:32Z","timestamp":1704863312000},"page":"390-399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dynamic Molecular Markers of Otosclerosis in the Human Cochlea"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5113-3864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Hodge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Augusta University\/Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 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