{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T10:20:49Z","timestamp":1785320449364,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review sought to answer the following research question: What are the characteristics of pediatric necrotizing otitis externa (NOE)? Moreover, we wanted to highlight the clinical importance of the current limitations in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A scoping review was performed to determine what is known about NOE in the pediatric population. Four databases (COCHRANE Library, CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus) were queried for articles published in English between 1976 to 2022. Variables extracted included comorbidities, demographics, outcomes, and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 20 studies (N\u2009=\u2009439) reported sufficient measures to be included in the review. Patients with NOE had a mean age of 10.0\u2009years (range 2\u2009months to 14\u2009years) with a male-to-female gender ratio of 1.1:1. Mean length of hospital stay was 2.9\u2009days (95%CI: 2.7-3.0). Demographics included 45.4% Caucasian, 6.0% African American, and 2.7% Asian\/Pacific Islander. Less than 5% of patients had diabetes, while other reported comorbidities included neutropenia (n\u2009=\u20096), anemia (n\u2009=\u20095), dehydration\/malnutrition (n\u2009=\u20094), Stevens Johnson Syndrome (n\u2009=\u20092), some form of immunosuppression\/organ transplantation (n\u2009=\u20092), thrombocytopenia (n\u2009=\u20092), and leukopenia (n\u2009=\u20092). There have been no reported deaths from NOE in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the adult population NOE most commonly affects patients with diabetes, but our review reveals that diabetes does not appear to play as big a role in children. The disease seems to commonly affect patients with immunosuppression or severe health conditions. Complications such as cranial nerve palsies appear to be more common in the pediatric population. Specifically, the role of biopsy and culture in the treatment of pediatric NOE is stressed as they are important in treatment decisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894241280537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T02:12:42Z","timestamp":1726625562000},"page":"947-955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pediatric Necrotizing Otitis Externa: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Zuhaib A.","family":"Khokhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cape Fear Valley Health System, Fayetteville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9938-2832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John F.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0664-4571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaun A.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne K.","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, OhioHealth, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ted A.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00034894241280537","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-196808000-00002"},{"key":"bibr2-00034894241280537","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102894"},{"key":"bibr3-00034894241280537","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(88)80564-x"},{"key":"bibr4-00034894241280537","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.04.083"},{"key":"bibr5-00034894241280537","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mao.0000000000002723"},{"key":"bibr6-00034894241280537","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"bibr7-00034894241280537","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m18-0850"},{"key":"bibr8-00034894241280537","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/xeb.0000000000000050"},{"key":"bibr9-00034894241280537","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x"},{"key":"bibr10-00034894241280537","unstructured":"H\ufeffowick J, Chalmers I, Glasziou P, et al. 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Rare necrotizing otitis externa in a pediatric patient with primary immunodeficiency disease: a case report. In: Medical Case Reports. 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