{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T21:02:14Z","timestamp":1789851734943,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the environmental impact of single-use and reusable video laryngoscopes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed life-cycle assessments of video laryngoscopes at a tertiary-care academic center: single-use Ambu aScope 4 RhinoLaryngo Slim (Ambu Inc., Columbia, MD), single-use Video Rhino-Laryngoscope (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany), and reusable Storz Video Rhinolaryngoscope 1101HD. We collected data regarding lifecycle, manual reprocessing, and waste disposal at our institution. The lifetime carbon footprint of each device was calculated and included emissions related to manufacturing, transportation, sterilization, repair, and disposal. We then assessed carbon footprint of each device per procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The total estimated carbon footprint per procedure for single-use Ambu and Storz laryngoscopes is 7.46 and 5.49\u2009kg CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , respectively. The mass of solid waste of single-use laryngoscopes and packaging contribute to carbon emissions of 0.173 and 0.40\u2009kg CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      for Ambu and Storz laryngoscopes, respectively. Reusable laryngoscopes are estimated to have a carbon footprint of 0.1137\u2009kg CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      per procedure at our institution. The greatest contributions to carbon footprint during reusable laryngoscope manual reprocessing include personal protective equipment solid waste and electrical energy (0.0859 and 0.016\u2009kg CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , respectively). The carbon footprint of single-use laryngoscopes is estimated to range from 1.5-fold (based on solid waste alone) up to 66-fold greater than traditional reusable laryngoscopes, although the use of water and chemicals for reprocessing must also be considered.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While single-use laryngoscopes have benefits of added convenience, cost effectiveness, and ease of use, they have a significantly greater environmental impact than resusable laryngoscopes. Otolaryngologists should consider the environmental impact of single-use laryngoscopes with goals of improving carbon footprint reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894251341111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T06:07:55Z","timestamp":1747894075000},"page":"633-638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Environmental Impact of Flexible Single-Use and Reusable Video Laryngoscopes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Luke J.","family":"Pasick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery, University of Miami\u2014Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake","family":"Langlie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery, University of Miami\u2014Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8492-0573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavan S.","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery, University of Miami\u2014Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eve R.","family":"Bowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery, University of Miami\u2014Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4289-0158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David E.","family":"Rosow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery, University of Miami\u2014Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947608500513"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000081124"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01495-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.898"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.1203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajep.20180704.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000533706"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2021.0891"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2022.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20514158231180661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2022.0201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2018.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324729"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-BSG.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Time for Change. Plastic bags and plastic bottles - CO2 emissions during their lifetime - Time for Change. August 22 2020. Accessed August 11 2024. https:\/\/timeforchange.org\/plastic-bags-and-plastic-bottles-co2-emissions-during-their-lifetime\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Australian Steel Institute. Steel\u2019s contribution to a low carbon future and climate resilient societies. Worldsteel Position Pap. 2018. Accessed August 11 2024. https:\/\/www.steel.org.au\/resources\/elibrary\/resources\/steel-s-contribution-to-a-low-carbon-future-and-cl\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSST.2010.5507731"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Johnke B. Emissions from Waste Incineration - IPCC - Task Force on National. 2025. Accessed August 12 2024. https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/view\/23483227\/emissions-from-waste-incineration-ipcc-task-force-on-national-"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215120001656"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Single-Use ENT Rhino-Laryngoscope Market Size | Emerging Growth for 2024-2031. 2024. Accessed August 16 2024. https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/single-use-ent-rhino-laryngoscope-market-size-rwrle"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2022.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/647272"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2011.1204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817738977"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31927"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"Ambu A\/S. Environment. Accessed August 12 2024. https:\/\/www.ambu.com\/endoscopy\/single-use-endoscopy\/environment"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2022.0482"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP8666"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00034894251341111","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00034894251341111","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00034894251341111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:31:15Z","timestamp":1777375875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00034894251341111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00034894251341111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00034894251341111","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4894","1943-572X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4894","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-572X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]}}}