{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:36:58Z","timestamp":1777426618897,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate extended outcomes up to 6\u2009years following bipolar-cautery inferior turbinate reduction (ITR) in a large pediatric cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case series of 326 children (mean age 9.0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1\u2009years) who underwent 12-W bipolar-cautery ITR between December 2017 and May 2024 at a single-surgeon tertiary practice. Concurrent procedures were performed in 82% of patients; 59 underwent ITR alone. Parent-reported nasal breathing improvement was assessed at regular intervals up to 6\u2009years. Statistical analyses included Cochran\u2019s Q tests and generalized estimating equations (GEE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the full cohort, nasal breathing improvement rates were: 95.4% at 3\u2009months, 91.7% at 6\u2009months, 90.2% at 1\u2009year, 88.1% at 2\u2009years, and 78.7% at 3\u2009years. Sample sizes decreased beyond 3\u2009years due to follow-up attrition. Cochran\u2019s Q test showed significant changes over time through 3\u2009years (Q\u2009=\u200960.101,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). The ITR-only subgroup showed more marked decline: 98% improvement at 3\u2009months to 69.0% at 3\u2009years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002), compared to more stable rates with concurrent surgery. GEE analysis confirmed significant time effects (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Compared to ITR alone, concurrent septoplasty (OR 0.39,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002) and sinus surgery (OR 0.34,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.020) were each associated with significantly lower odds of reporting persistent symptoms (i.e., a greater likelihood of improvement). Complications remained low: minor bleeding (4.6%), major bleeding requiring intervention (1.2%), MRSA infection (0.3%), and synechiae (1.5%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bipolar-cautery ITR provides safe, effective symptom improvement with excellent short-term results (&gt;90% at 1\u2009year). However, efficacy declines over time, particularly in ITR-only patients (78.7% overall at 3\u2009years). Concurrent airway procedures may provide more stable outcomes. These findings emphasize the need for long-term follow-up and appropriate patient selection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894251388843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T10:12:26Z","timestamp":1762337546000},"page":"256-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inferior Turbinate Reduction Using Bipolar Cautery: Technique and Outcomes in Pediatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1535-4680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Hashim","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3767-5557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"German Paul","family":"Digoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00385-2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2017.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2022.3567"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2011.3.3.148"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","article-title":"Anatomical variations of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Papadopoulou AM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Papadopoulou AM, Chrysikos D, Samolis A, Tsakotos G, Troupis T. Anatomical variations of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses: a systematic review. Cureus. 2021;13(1):e12727.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200301000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102449"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23888"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318064e837"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children10091571"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v91i1-S.9254"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00034894251388843","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00034894251388843","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00034894251388843","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:31:31Z","timestamp":1777375891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00034894251388843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00034894251388843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00034894251388843","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4894","1943-572X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4894","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-572X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]}}}