{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:19:07Z","timestamp":1777868347194,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the risk of persistent opioid use after forehead flaps with preserved vascular pedicles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This multi-center cohort study used the TriNetX, LLC US Collaborative Network to identify patients undergoing forehead flaps with preservation of the vascular pedicle. Patients were grouped based on whether they received an opioid prescription within 1\u2009week of surgery. Propensity matching controlled for age, race, sex, pain diagnoses, and previous opioid use. Baseline characteristics were analyzed with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests and chi-squares. Risk ratios assessed associations between variables and development of new persistent opioid use (new opioid prescription 3-9\u2009months after forehead flap reconstruction).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 7214 patients (3280 female [45.5%]) underwent forehead flap reconstruction with preservation of the vascular pedicle and 2660 (36.9%) receive a postoperative opioid prescription. Unadjusted analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between gender and receipt of a postoperative opioid prescription, with male patients more likely than female patients to receive an opioid prescription (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200914.94,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). After propensity score matching, 1352 patients (588 women [43.3%]) with a mean (SD) age of 67.3 (14.7)\u2009years, were included for analysis. Patients who receive a postoperative opioid prescription were at 3.21 times greater risk of developing new persistent opioid use compared to patients not prescribed postoperative opioids (RR\u2009=\u20093.21; 95% CI (2.27,\u20094.52)).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who receive postoperative opioid prescriptions after forehead flap reconstruction may be at greater risk of developing new persistent opioid use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894251409001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T17:19:32Z","timestamp":1767806372000},"page":"436-442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Factors of Persistent Opioid Use After Forehead Flap Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9712-7336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Barna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3120-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul K.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2070-2897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole G.","family":"DeSisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott J.","family":"Stephan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carol and John S. Odess Chair in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priyesh N.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiayin F.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004976"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.46426"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003265"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000003145"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599821996297"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"ACS. The opioid abuse epidemic. 2017. Accessed December 5 2024. https:\/\/www.facs.org\/about-acs\/statements\/opioid-abuse-epidemic\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"Opioid Prescribing Resources. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2019. Accessed December 5 2024. https:\/\/www.plasticsurgery.org\/for-medical-professionals\/health-policy\/opioid-prescribing-resources"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2023.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2023.0115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2023.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2018.2035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.105946"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6911a5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm675152e1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2013.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.07.003"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00034894251409001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00034894251409001","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00034894251409001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T11:47:45Z","timestamp":1777549665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00034894251409001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00034894251409001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00034894251409001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4894","1943-572X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4894","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-572X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]}}}