{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:47:28Z","timestamp":1792277248700,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768003200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize contemporary workforce trends among physician assistants in otolaryngology\u2013head &amp; neck surgery in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal analysis of annual survey of the Society of Physician Assistants in Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery (SPAO-HNS) data, collected 2015 to 2024. The survey captured self-reported practice patterns, compensation models, and clinical responsibilities. Statistical analyses included linear and logistic regressions to evaluate temporal trends and differences by practice setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1227 survey responses were analyzed. Most respondents were physician assistants (93.7%), predominantly working in private stand-alone otolaryngology practice environments (66.8%). Majority of respondents reported working an average of 40\u2009hours per week with salary-based compensation (71.8%), though productivity-based bonuses rose over the study period (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=&lt;\u2009.001). Common procedures performed independently included cerumen removal, foreign body extraction, and nasal endoscopy or flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy. Practice setting influenced patient volume and scope of responsibilities, with stand-alone practices reporting higher outpatient volumes. The proportion of respondents planning to leave otolaryngology within 5\u2009years nearly doubled from 17% in 2015 to 29% in 2024.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This 10-year longitudinal analysis highlights the integral and evolving contributions of physician assistants and nurse practitioners to otolaryngology care across diverse practice settings. The findings document an expanding role in enhancing access to care and performing office procedures independently. However, the rising proportion of respondents intending to leave the field signals emerging workforce sustainability challenges. Proactive strategies to support recruitment, retention, and professional development are needed to ensure a stable and effective otolaryngology workforce capable of meeting growing patient needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894251409704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T13:21:41Z","timestamp":1768051301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Workforce Trends and Evolving Roles of Physician Assistants in Otolaryngology: A National Longitudinal Survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7340-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hailie","family":"Hayes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Lenze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard J.","family":"Ritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albany Med Health System, Glens Fall, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinciya","family":"Pandian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA"},{"name":"Center for Immersive Learning and Digital Innovation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4926-0957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratyusha","family":"Yalamanchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181b6c90b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.70142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211020314"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2010.00498.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22192"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.109770"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816647945"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Andrew. The state of the workforce: advanced practice providers in otolaryngology. American Academy of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery; 2025. Accessed June 9 2025. https:\/\/bulletin.entnet.org\/clinical-patient-care\/article\/22940118\/the-state-of-the-workforce-advanced-practice-providers-in-otolaryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820971186"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599821994820"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211040408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JAA.0000000000000172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558719901216"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oto2.70112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"American Academy of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. Primary Care Otolaryngology. 3rd ed. American Academy of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Foundation; 2011. Accessed June 25 2025. https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01945998840920S306 ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40136-023-00459-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2024.1180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Essary AC Bernard KS Coplan B et al. Burnout and job and career satisfaction in the physician assistant profession: a review of the literature - NAM. National Academy of Medicine. 2018. Accessed June 23 2025. https:\/\/nam.edu\/perspectives\/burnout-and-job-and-career-satisfaction-in-the-physician-assistant-profession-a-review-of-the-literature\/","DOI":"10.31478\/201812b"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00034894251409704","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00034894251409704","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00034894251409704","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:31:37Z","timestamp":1777375897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00034894251409704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00034894251409704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00034894251409704","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4894","1943-572X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4894","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-572X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"article-number":"00034894251409704"}}