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Small anterior foci constituted the most common form of involvement of the otic capsule. All were judged to be inactive, and none of them appeared to have caused obvious sensorineural degeneration. No cases of \u201cpure cochlear otosclerosis\u201d were seen. Sensorineural degeneration was associated with large anterior foci which reached the upper basal turn. One specimen displayed a circumscribed sensorineural degeneration in the upper basal turn, with an almost exact correspondence between the location and extent of the cochlear lesion and the site of invasion by the otosclerotic process in the bone and endosteum bordering on scala media and scala tympani. It is postulated that a toxic factor had diffused from the focus and acted directly on the organ of Corti. When multiple foci were present they were usually poorly defined. The otosclerotic process involved the round window, with new lamellar bone formation in the scala tympani of the lower half of the basal turn. The most extensive sensorineural degeneration in the entire material was seen in this group. One specimen also had severe cochlear hydrops. In three specimens large shunts were observed to connect the otosclerotic foci with the cochlear vasculature, which was severely dilated. Where otosclerosis involved the endosteum of the scala tympani, loss of vessels was observed. One specimen with extensive active capsular otosclerosis had severe sensorineural degeneration of the vestibular system. Vestibular pathology in fenestrated ears is also described. In a specimen from a patient with no caloric reaction, numerous hair cells were present in the macular organs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894780872s201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T13:33:49Z","timestamp":1483709629000},"page":"1-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Cochlear and Vestibular Lesions in Capsular Otosclerosis as Seen in Microdissection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Lars-G\u00f6ran","family":"Johnsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Joseph E.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Fred H.","family":"Linthicum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles, 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