{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:17:23Z","timestamp":1780539443794,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1985,11,1]],"date-time":"1985-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":499651200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spastic dysphonia is a clinical speech disorder characterized by spasms of the laryngeal muscles during phonation, producing a broken pattern of speech sometimes termed laryngeal stuttering. Fourteen patients with the diagnosis of spastic dysphonia based on voice quality were referred for evaluation; detailed clinical and electrophysiologic evaluations were performed. Laryngeal electromyographic (EMG) testing failed to demonstrate any spontaneous activity in the 14 patients tested. Seven patients (50 %) had normal number and amplitude of motor unit potentials. Four of these had disparate amplitudes when compared with the other side, and two had complex motor unit potentials. The other seven patients (50 %) had abnormal findings, including three patients with abnormally increased amplitude. Two patients had asynchronous activity characteristic of a tremor disorder. One patient had synchronous bursts of activity also affecting the diaphragm, later diagnosed as pyramidal and extrapyramidal disease. One patient had bursts of activity, and later presented with diffuse myoclonus. Laryngeal EMG therefore seemed to be a more precise way of evaluating patients presenting with a tremulous voice pattern termed spastic dysphonia. Clinical observation and EMG data demonstrated that spastic dysphonia is not a \u201cspastic\u201d disease. We identified patients with tremor (2), pyramidal and extrapyramidal disease (1), and myoclonic disorders (1). The remainder of the patients had clinical and EMG findings consistent with dystonia, a neurologic disorder characterized by abnormal, often action-induced, involuntary movements or uncontrolled spasms. We classify these patients as having \u201cfocal laryngeal dystonia\u201d when the disorder occurs in isolation. It may also present as a component of a generalized dystonic syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948509400614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T08:45:35Z","timestamp":1483692335000},"page":"591-594","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Electromyographic Findings in Focal Laryngeal Dystonia (Spastic Dysphonia)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Blitzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Lovelace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Fahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell F.","family":"Brin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-000348948509400614","first-page":"677","volume":"2","author":"Traube L","year":"1871","journal-title":"Gesammelte Beitr Pathol Physiol"},{"key":"bibr2-000348948509400614","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198303000-00002"},{"key":"bibr3-000348948509400614","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947608500405"},{"key":"bibr4-000348948509400614","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198301000-00001"},{"key":"bibr5-000348948509400614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(83)90177-3","volume":"55","author":"Devi S","year":"1983","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"bibr6-000348948509400614","unstructured":"Lovelace RE, Blitzer A, Szmidt-Salkowska E. Percutaneous laryngeal electromyography for the evaluation of neurogenic disorders, myopathies, and spastic dysphonia. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol (in press)."},{"key":"bibr7-000348948509400614","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)32543-3"},{"key":"bibr8-000348948509400614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01505.x","volume":"41","author":"Faaborg-Anderson KL","year":"1957","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"bibr9-000348948509400614","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Basic and advanced electromyography and clinical neurophysiology II","author":"Blitzer A","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr10-000348948509400614","volume-title":"An introduction to electromyography","author":"Buchthal F","year":"1957"},{"key":"bibr11-000348948509400614","unstructured":"Kimura J. Electrodiagnosis in disease of nerve and muscle: principles and practice. Philadelphia: FA Davis, 1983: 285."},{"key":"bibr12-000348948509400614","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1962.00450190012003"},{"key":"bibr13-000348948509400614","first-page":"341","volume-title":"Muscles alive: Their functions revealed by electromyography","author":"Basmajian JV","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr14-000348948509400614","first-page":"229","volume":"25","author":"Tokizane T","year":"1955","journal-title":"Kagaku (Science)"},{"key":"bibr15-000348948509400614","first-page":"341","volume-title":"Electrodiagnosis and electromyography","author":"Rodriguez AA","year":"1971"},{"key":"bibr16-000348948509400614","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)31090-9"},{"key":"bibr17-000348948509400614","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(71)90029-8"},{"key":"bibr18-000348948509400614","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)31091-0"},{"key":"bibr19-000348948509400614","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Advances in neurology","volume":"14","author":"Marsden CD","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr20-000348948509400614","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Difficult diagnosis","author":"Fahn S","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr21-000348948509400614","first-page":"851","volume-title":"Motor control mechanisms in health and disease","author":"Rothwell JC","year":"1983"},{"key":"bibr22-000348948509400614","first-page":"198","volume":"103","author":"Sharbrough F","year":"1978","journal-title":"Trans Am Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"bibr23-000348948509400614","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(82)80029-X"},{"key":"bibr24-000348948509400614","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-4-491"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000348948509400614","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000348948509400614","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:29:40Z","timestamp":1777375780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/000348948509400614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,11]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/000348948509400614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348948509400614","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4894","1943-572X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4894","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-572X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,11]]}}}