{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:33:21Z","timestamp":1777426401358,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1987,9,1]],"date-time":"1987-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":557452800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An electromagnetic artificial larynx was implanted in two volunteer laryngectomees. Both patients were able to communicate well, but the voice quality still needed improving. Therefore, in this investigation, listener judgments were obtained of 22 different sound sources with a view to incorporating the preferred speech sound in a new version of the device. Electroglottograms were used as sound sources in a speech synthesizer and sentences were produced with different voice qualities for judgmental tests. The results of the listening tests showed a distinct preference for waveforms corresponding to a long completely open phase, a very brief completely closed phase, and an abrupt closing gesture. The optimum acoustic characteristics for the device will be used by electrical engineers to manufacture a new version of the artificial larynx with an improved voice quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948709600519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T14:35:41Z","timestamp":1412346941000},"page":"573-577","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Human Speech Development for an Implantable Artificial Larynx"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Colin","family":"Painter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Fredrickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roanne","family":"Karzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1987,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-000348948709600519","volume-title":"Electroacoustic analysis and enhancement of alaryngeal speech","author":"Sekey A","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr2-000348948709600519","volume-title":"Readings in speech following total laryngectomy","author":"Weinberg B","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr3-000348948709600519","first-page":"272","volume":"32","author":"Painter C","year":"1979","journal-title":"Z Phon Sprach Kommun"},{"key":"bibr4-000348948709600519","unstructured":"Charles DA, Fredrickson JM, Bryce DP. An implantable electromagnetic sound source: Preliminary results of human implantation. In: Shedd DP, Weinberg B, eds. Surgical and prosthetic approaches to speech rehabilitation. Boston: GK Hall Medical Publishers, 1980: 247\u201357"},{"key":"bibr5-000348948709600519","unstructured":"Frederickson JM, Charles DA, Painter C. Laryngeal research In: Bailey B, Biller H, eds. Surgery of the larynx. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1985: 451\u20139"},{"key":"bibr6-000348948709600519","volume-title":"A new implantable electrolarynx","author":"Maruzzo B","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr7-000348948709600519","unstructured":"Painter C. Xeroradiographic, laryngoscopy, spectrographic and glottographic indicators of laryngeal function. In: Cummings C, Fredrickson JM, Harker LA, Krause CJ, Schuller DE, eds. Otolaryngology\u2013head and neck surgery. 4 vols. St Louis: CV Mosby Co, 1986: 1816\u201323"},{"key":"bibr8-000348948709600519","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.383940"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000348948709600519","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000348948709600519","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:31:05Z","timestamp":1777375865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/000348948709600519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,9]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/000348948709600519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348948709600519","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4894","1943-572X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4894","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-572X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,9]]}}}