{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:15:23Z","timestamp":1777425323088,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,4,1]],"date-time":"1989-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":607392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Alpha 1-antitrypsin (\u03b11-AT) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (\u03b12-M) were measured by both immunochemical and functional assays in paired plasma and middle ear effusions (MEEs) from experimental otitis media models (serous otitis media [SOM], purulent otitis media [POM], and SOM + POM). The MEE\/plasma ratio of \u03b11-AT in SOM was significantly higher than that in POM (p&lt; .01) because of the high \u03b11-AT level in POM plasma. The ratio of both antitryptic activity and trypsin-binding activity in POM was significantly higher than that in SOM + POM (p&lt; .01, &lt; .05), and significantly lower than that in SOM (p&lt; .01). The majority of both inhibitors in SOM exist as the free state, and the reaction between proteases and inhibitors in POM and SOM + POM is more active than that in SOM. It is concluded that both \u03b11-AT and \u03b12-M appear to play an important role in the protection of middle ear mucosa by forming protease-inhibitor complexes to reduce proteolytic damage in POM and SOM + POM models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948909800410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T14:35:41Z","timestamp":1412346941000},"page":"287-292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Protease Inhibitors in Middle Ear Effusions from Experimental Otitis Media with Effusion: Kinetics of \u03b11-Antitrypsin and \u03b12-Macroglobulin Levels"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Yukiyoshi","family":"Hamaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsu, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven K.","family":"Juhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Sakakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsu, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00463197"},{"key":"bibr2-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/134.6.595"},{"key":"bibr3-000348948909800410","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Recent advances in otitis media with effusion","author":"Jung TTK","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr4-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(83)90027-1"},{"key":"bibr5-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488609132835"},{"key":"bibr6-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894860950S303"},{"key":"bibr7-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948209100117"},{"key":"bibr8-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948909800615"},{"key":"bibr9-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947708600407"},{"key":"bibr10-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(72)90165-0"},{"key":"bibr11-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/278259a0"},{"key":"bibr12-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488409122881"},{"key":"bibr13-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1978.00790060035009"},{"key":"bibr14-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00470617"},{"key":"bibr15-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1330709"},{"key":"bibr16-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948509400315"},{"key":"bibr17-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1978.tb14906.x"},{"key":"bibr18-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1983.128.3.434"},{"key":"bibr19-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04900.x"},{"key":"bibr20-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a129313"},{"key":"bibr21-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894850945S207"},{"key":"bibr22-000348948909800410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488309130952"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000348948909800410","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000348948909800410","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:29:01Z","timestamp":1777375741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/000348948909800410"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/000348948909800410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348948909800410","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4894","1943-572X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4894","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-572X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]}}}