{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:04:19Z","timestamp":1777421059592,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,11,1]],"date-time":"1992-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":720576000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spasmodic dysphonia has been successfully treated by thyroarytenoid muscle injections of botulinum toxin (Botox) with dosages ranging from 0.625 to 25 U. In some patients, excessive paralysis with resulting breathiness and aspiration have been noted. In order to maximize the efficiency of Botox injections, the histologic effects of various Botox dosages were examined in the dog. Nine canine thyroarytenoid muscles were injected with 0.5 to 12.5 U of Botox. After 24 hours, the recurrent laryngeal nerve to the injected muscle was electrically stimulated in order to deplete the glycogen within the muscle fibers. Frozen sections of this muscle were then stained for glycogen. Those fibers that retained their glycogen were presumed paralyzed by the Botox injection. The extent of paralysis was found to be dose-related from 1.0 to 7.5 U. At 10 U and above the muscle was completely paralyzed. Spread of the toxin to the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle was seen at doses as low as 1.0 U. Clearly, doses less than 10 U appear sufficient for clinical paralysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949210101102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T14:38:05Z","timestamp":1412347085000},"page":"888-892","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Quantitative Mapping of the Effect of Botulinum Toxin Injections in the Thyroarytenoid Muscle"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Elaina F.","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Zimbler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugh F.","family":"Biller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bei-Lian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-000348949210101102","unstructured":"Aronson AE. Background to speech disorders potentially treatable with botulinum toxin: Etiology, pathophysiology, symptomology, and therapeutic alternatives. In: NIH Consensus Development Conference on Clinical Use of Botulinum Toxin. 1990: 122\u20134."},{"key":"bibr2-000348949210101102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947608500405"},{"key":"bibr3-000348949210101102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198802000-00015"},{"key":"bibr4-000348949210101102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870040401"},{"key":"bibr5-000348949210101102","first-page":"734","volume":"79","author":"Scott A.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"bibr6-000348949210101102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710003540X"},{"key":"bibr7-000348949210101102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.1.80"},{"key":"bibr8-000348949210101102","first-page":"583","volume":"50","author":"Jankovic J.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"bibr9-000348949210101102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1985.01050090057031"},{"key":"bibr10-000348949210101102","unstructured":"Dutton JJ. Botulinum toxin in the management of hemifacial spasm: Clinical trials 1. In: NIH Consensus Development Conference on Clinical Use of Botulinum Toxin. 1990: 99\u2013100."},{"key":"bibr11-000348949210101102","first-page":"24","volume":"71","author":"Dykstra DD","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"bibr12-000348949210101102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.3.355"},{"key":"bibr13-000348949210101102","unstructured":"Blitzer A, Brin MF. Botulinum toxin for the treatment of oromandibular and lingual dystonia. In: NIH Consensus Development Conference on Clinical Use of Botulinum Toxin. 1990: 78\u201380."},{"key":"bibr14-000348949210101102","unstructured":"Rosenbaum AL. The clinical use of botulinum toxin in acute and chronic VI nerve palsy. In: NIH Consensus Development Conference on Clinical Use of Botulinum Toxin. 1990: 108\u201312."},{"key":"bibr15-000348949210101102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90188-2"},{"key":"bibr16-000348949210101102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koman LA, Mooney J, Smith B, Goodman A. Cerebral palsy management by neuromuscular blockade with botulinum-A toxin. In: NIH Consensus Development Conference on Clinical Use of Botulinum Toxin. 1990: 142\u20135.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199009001-00209"},{"key":"bibr17-000348949210101102","unstructured":"Ludlow CL. Clinical trials for speech disorders 1. In: NIH Consensus Development Conference on Clinical Use of Botulinum Toxin. 1990: 125\u20137."},{"key":"bibr18-000348949210101102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100109788"},{"key":"bibr19-000348949210101102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948509400614"},{"key":"bibr20-000348949210101102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ford CN. Indirect laryngoscopic approach for injection of botulinum toxin in spasmodic dysphonia. In: NIH Consensus Development Conference on Clinical Use of Botulinum Toxin. 1990: 131\u20132.","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989010300515"},{"key":"bibr21-000348949210101102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989010300515"},{"key":"bibr22-000348949210101102","first-page":"167","volume":"84","author":"Thiesleff D","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Physiol (Paris)"},{"key":"bibr23-000348949210101102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199109000-00006"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000348949210101102","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000348949210101102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:15:55Z","timestamp":1777374955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/000348949210101102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/000348949210101102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348949210101102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4894","1943-572X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4894","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-572X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]}}}